Where was the Minoan civilization?
Crete
Where were the excavations that reveled much about Minoan life?
Knossos
Minoan Language
Linear A
The Mycenaean States
considered the first Greeks because they spoke a form of Greek language
Polis
city-state. Each city-state had it's own government, laws, and customs
Acropolis
a high area that a polis was built around
Agora
a marketplace built below the acropolis
Where was Sparta located?
Peloponnesus
Helots
state slaves
Hoplites
foot soldiers
Gods and Goddesses
Each deity governed one aspect of nature or life. The gods were also unpredictable and flawed.
Where did the gods live?
Mount Olympus
Zeus
god of the sky and lighting, king of the gods
Hubris
great pride, brought many heroes to tragic ends that taught Greeks not to overstretch their abilities.
What government did Athens have?
Democracy
Democracy
a form of government run by people
Solon
A lawmaker who outlawed debt slavery and encouraged trade to reduce poverty. He also allowed all men to take part in the assembly and serve on juries.
Tyrant
a strongman who seized power by force and claimed to rule for the good of the people
Peisistratus
A tyrant who was liked by people because he pushed aristocrats out of office and increased trade to make Athens richer
Cleisthenes
divided Athens into 10 tribes and created the council of 500
Who was allowed to take part in Athenian democracy?
Free males over the age of 20
What were the three bodies of democracy?
The assembly, the council of 500, and courts
Direct Democracy
when all people vote directly on an issue
Archon
served as the chief of state
Where were the roots of the Persian war?
Ionia, modern day Turkey
Why did the Ionians rebel?
The were unhappy with Persian rule
Who won the rebellion between Persia and Ionia?
Persia
Marathon
Where the Persians arrived during the first invasion
Phalanx
a tight rectangle formation where soldiers held long spears ahead of a wall of shields
Who won the first invasion?
The Greeks
What mountain did the Spartans slow down the Persians?
Thermopylae
What battle changed the nature of the war?
The battle of Salamis
Who won the Persian war?
the Greeks
Who was most of the rebuilding of Athens credited to?
Pericles
Who was the leader of the Delian league?
Athens
Who was the leader of the Peloponnesian league?
Sparta
What led to the Peloponnesian war?
Sparta resented the growth of Athenian influence in Greece and over time tension between the leagues grew
What changed the course of the war?
A plague
Who defeated Sparta?
Thebes
Who took control of Greece?
Macedonia, a Greek speaking kingdom
Socrates
Taught that if you wanted to learn you have to ask questions
Plato
Thought that government should be led by the most qualified to make good decisions
Aristotle
Taught reason and logic
Reason
clear and ordered thinking
logic
the process of making inferences
Epic poetry
tells stories about great events and heroes
Homer
wrote Iliad and the Odyssey
The Iliad
tells the story of the last year of the Trojan war
The Odyssey
tells the story of the hero Odysseus
Lyric Poetry
deals with emotions and desires
Greek Sculptures
unrealistic and physically perfect
Why were Greek dramas originally developed?
for religious festivals
Phillip II
led the Macedonian rise to power and conquered Greece
Alexander the Great
took the throne at age 20 and ended Greek revolts by using harsh measures. He built an empire and conquered Persia, Phoenicia, and Egypt
Hellenistic
Greek like
Alexandria
A city built by Alexander the great and was the capitol of Egypt
Cynicism
rejected the ideas of pleasure, wealth, and social responsibility
Epicureans
taught that people should seek out pleasure
Stoicism
taught that people should identify their proper role in society and strive to fulfill that role
Euclid
formulated much of geometry
Eratosthenes
calculated the size of the world
Archimedes
inventor, he invented the compound pulley