Western Civilization Mid Term

The Law Code of Hammurabi:

Cave paintings, such as those found in Lascaux, France, are evidence of:

Jericho, one of the world's oldest villages, began an impressive building program of structures to protect their grain surplus around:

The earliest cities in Mesopotamia were founded by the:

One of the new approaches to the study of how humans lived before the development of cities and writing is:

To the peoples of the ancient world, the characteristic manifestations of civilization—government, literature, science, and art—were necessarily products of:

One of the notable characteristics of civilization was the development of:

One of the contributors to the Neolithic revolution was:

The switch from subsistence by food gathering to food production:

An individual who successfully led the city-state's army in battles was:

One of the significant technological achievements of the Sumerians was:

Sargon of Akkad (c. 2350 B.C.E.) is significant because he:

Although early writing was produced using pointed sticks, Sumerian scribes c. 3100 B.C.E. advanced writing with durable reeds that:

The Egyptians made notable advances in:

Ur-Nammu built the great ziggurat at:

Historians typically divide ancient Egyptian history into _________ to facilitate the discussion of Egyptian politics and culture.

The Egyptian system of hieroglyphics was:

The civilization that emerged in ancient Egypt arose:

The Egyptians developed elaborate tombs and burial techniques:

Which comparison between Egypt and Mesopotamian civilizations is false?

Hammurabi might have been the first ruler in history to:

The Akkadian rulers of Sargon and Naram-Sin:

The Egyptian book, _________, is an example of "wisdom literature" offering advice to those in public life.

The Epic of Gilgamesh, the dramatic confrontation between Gilgamesh and Enkidu and its aftermath, illustrates:

By becoming a "lawgiver," Hammurabi:

The Eighteenth Dynasty in Egypt produced many strong pharaohs, among them:

The Late Bronze Age:

In Phoenicia's overseas colonies:

he accomplishments of King Darius of Persia included:

building roads for transport and postal service

Two of the foremost Hebrew prophets who emphasized the ethical demands God makes on humans were:

The system of writing developed by the citizens of Ugarit:

By 1500 B.C.E.:

A mysterious wave of invasions entered the Mediterranean world and destroyed almost all of the preexisting civilizations:

The culture of the Hittites was:

The Minoans:

"Indo-European," as used in historical or anthropological texts, refers to:

The New Kingdom, particularly the Eighteenth Dynasty, was marked by:

In the 1100s B.C.E. a wave of destruction swept across the Near East and the Mediterranean world as a result of the invasions of the:

The Babylonian Captivity of the Hebrews affected Judaism by

The Phoenicians's greatest contribution to civilization was:

Akhenaten represents one of the earliest moves, in Western history, toward

By the fourteenth century B.C.E., international relations were marked by:

The Hebrew cult of Yahweh:

The Mitannians introduced lighter chariots to carry archers, but:

The division of property and wealth in New Kingdom Egypt

Philistine power was based in:

In the Book of Judges, the Hebrew people:

The division of the ancient kingdom of Israel was:

Ionians transmitted the Lydian invention of _________ to the Greek world.

By the sixth century B.C.E., Greeks founded numerous colonies around the Mediterranean basin, the most significant of which were located where?

A Greek aristocrat who seized power and ruled outside the traditional constitutional framework was called:

Spartiates rejected innovation and change and were:

Because of their successful colonial and trading activities, the Miletus:

Socrates urged his followers to

Greeks made contact with the _____ in the ninth century B.C.E.

One major result of the Persian wars was:

The Greeks referred to some people with whom they came into contact as barbarians because they:

Hoplites were organized into formations called a:

Hubris is:

The social center and organizational hub of the Greek polis was:

A result of the defeat of the Athenian expedition to attack Syracuse was:

In the symposium, Archaic Age Greek aristocrats:

The most militarized of all the poleis in Greece was

Milesian philosophers, known as the pre-Socratics:

Greek sculpture evolved from the rather stiff likenesses resembling Egyptian statuary to a style labeled as

The origins of Greek democracy can be identified, in part, in the rule of the Athenian aristocrat

After Hoplites were introduced in Greece:

Cleisthenes is important in the history of Athenian government because he:

The Sophist claim that ?0ÒMan is the measure of all things?1Ó means:

The decisive Greek military victory over the Persians at Salamis was won by:

Homer's poetry describes a world in which

What made Greek battle formations and strategy formidable?

Following Sparta's victory in the Peloponnesian War:

Macedonian military reforms under Philip II most closely resemble earlier reforms undertaken by:

Macedonian rule in Egypt was characterized by:

Central to the Skeptic worldview is the idea that:

Aristarchus of Samos was unusual among Hellenistic astronomers because:

A major influence on Epicurus and his school of Epicureanism was:

Whereas Plato conceived of politics as a means toward living the good life, Aristotle regarded politics as:

The chief characteristics of Hellenistic architecture were:

In invading Persia, Alexander began to follow the example of Cyrus the Great and:

Greek rational thought began to separate in the Hellenistic world

With the expansion of population in Hellenistic world:

With the expansion of population in the Hellenistic world and the creation of larger cities:

Herophilus of Chalcedon was an innovative _________ in the ancient Hellenistic world.

After the Corinthian War (395-387 B.C.E.), Sparta:

The beginning of the end of Alexander's conquests was his inability to fully subdue

Alexander sought to fuse his Greco-Macedonian Empire with Persia by

Alexander decided to make Egypt the capital of his empire:

To highlight their authority and status in the former Persian Empire, Seleucid rulers

During the economic decline of Greece in the fourth century B.C.E.:

The most important cultural center in the Hellenistic world was:

Philip of Macedonia built his power base north of Greece partially by:

After a period of instability, __________was finally able to establish rule over the homeland of Alexander's Empire—Macedonia and Greece

The _________ believed that the cosmos is an ordered whole in which all contradictions are resolved for ultimate good

The Aetolian and Achaean Leagues differed from previous Greek attempts at political organization between poleis because:

Why did autocratic rulers in the Hellenistic world encourage manufacturing industries?

The myth of the rape of Lucretia appealed to Roman patriotism by emphasizing:

Roman law consisted of three branches: civil law, natural law, and:

One of the things the Romans borrowed from the Greek settlers in southern Italy was:

Central to Roman identity was a conservatism expressed in an unwritten code of

During the early Roman Republic, Rome:

In the aftermath of the assassination of Julius Caesar, the second triumvirate took out its revenge on everyone opposed to them; one of the more prominent victims of the second triumvirate was:

The geographic site of Rome has many advantages, including

The Latin Right of the early Romans guaranteed that:

According to the patria potestas provision of the Twelve Tables, a Roman father

The Twelve Tables of Law, approved in 450 B.C.E., represent:

Cultural and intellectual developments in Rome reached their pinnacle during:

Traditional Roman religion included ancestor worship and:

One example of how Rome transformed the world into the Roman world would be:

The division between Roman patricians and plebeians was:

The equestrian order (Roman knights) was established when

Those who ruled Rome from 96 to 180 C.E. were called the "Five Good Emperors" because:

The Romans were the first people to use ___ on a massive scale in their buildings.

The Romans were able to support cities with large populations due, in no small measure, to the:

Tiberius Gracchus sought to protect small farmers and protect the pool of citizens from which the army could be drawn by reviving old laws from the republican days that limited the amount of land a person could hold; for this he was:

Prior to Julius Caesar's appointment as "Dictator for Life," only one other Roman had been appointed to that position without the traditional six-month term, and he was:

Prior to the establishment of Rome as the dominant state in Italy:

Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.):

After Rome had twice defeated Carthage, a third Punic War:

Cicero, one of the most famous Stoics of the later republic, believed in all the tenets of Stoicism except:

The Augustan system of government

When it came to pagan literature:

When the emperor died in 192 with no heir apparent, civil war once again engulfed the Roman Empire with _________ eventually claiming the throne.

Augustine's Confessions is:

Romans regarded the Germans as barbarians because:

Rome was threatened in the mid-fifth century by the Huns under their leader:

Jesus is the central figure in Christianity, but Paul was important:

During the third century, Rome underwent a prolonged period that came very close to destroying the empire. This period is known as the time of

The strategic defense of the Roman Empire changed significantly when

Which statement best describes the position of the Pharisees in Palestine during the first century C.E.?

Christianity went from being a persecuted faith in the early fourth century to being the recognized faith of the empire; this last step was the result of the action by the emperor:

Most of what we know about Jesus was written down:

What made Jesus most controversial among the Jews was:

The leader of the Goths who received support from the Eastern Emperor to drive the Huns from Italy and establish a Gothic kingdom was:

Realizing that the Roman Empire had become too large for a single ruler to control it:

Severus disregarded what remained of the Roman Senate and its few remaining powers and ruled through the army while reforming it by:

The monastic way of life in the West was influenced greatly by the establishment of a set of rules written by:

Ambrose helped establish the authority of the Church by

By the end of the third century, the involvement of women in the Church had:

One result of the Council of Nicea was to:

The economic effects of the migrations of the fifth century on the northwestern provinces

Unlike the common practices of many previous civilizations:

Historians now refer to the period from 284 to 610 C.E. as Late Antiquity because:

Unlike Cicero, Ambrose argued that the motive and goal of human conduct should be:

Boethius's interest in logic while remaining thoroughly Christian:

Plotinus and Neoplatonism, like Christianity, believed in a soul that could be liberated from earthly bondage and prepared for reunification with God by:

One difference between Islam and Christianity is that:

The armies of Abu-Bakr were able to expand Islam northward out of Arabia largely because of:

Many of the local populations in Byzantium and Persia:

An important figure who founded several Merovingian monasteries was

Pope Gregory I:

A pandemic broke out in 541-42 which has come to be known as:

The people who took advantage of the weakness of Italy due to Justinian's policies of reconquest were the:

One result of the campaigns of Belisarius in North Africa and Italy was:

The Byzantine economy in the early Middle Ages was

The early Byzantine religion was known for its:

Why did Justinian try to reconquer the western Roman Empire?

Why did the Romans of Italy and North Africa resent Justinian's efforts to ?0Òliberate?1Ó them?

The stability of Byzantine government was the product of:

The Carolingian Empire collapsed during the ninth century:

It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:

As a result of the Iconoclastic Controversy:

In the late sixth century C.E., the economy of Arabia:

Prior to Muhammad beginning to teach his prophecy and his new faith the Arabs:

Byzantine monasteries were deeply involved in the Iconoclastic Controversy because:

In 800 Charlemagne

Why were so many convents (monastic houses for women) founded during the seventh century C.E.?

Local lords and chieftains often granted monasteries special privileges:

Underlying the Carolingian Renaissance was the basic conviction that:

As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society, Charlemagne

Charlemagne was able to contain Umayyad power in Europe by