Three heirs to Rome
Byzantine empire,Northweastern Europe,and Islam
On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as the new:
.Roman emperor.
The Quraish tribe, to which Muhammad belonged:
controlled the economic and political life of Mecca.
King Alfred the Great of England and his heirs:
founded new towns and codified English laws.
Maintaining an eastward-looking direction, the Abbasids:
relocated their capital from Damascus to Baghdad.
At the Battle of Tours (733/734), Charles Martel:
turned back a Muslim force from Spain.
According to Muhammad, Jesus Christ was:
. a prophet.
In general, Byzantine emperors:
concentrated all powers in their court.
For some 300 years, between the seventh and eleventh centuries, the Byzantine empire:
. held on to most of Asia Minor and was a bulwark against Islam.
The Hijrah refers to Muhammad's move in 622 from Mecca to:
. Medina.
One of the primary reasons for Byzantine success and longevity was:
efficient bureaucratic government.
Pope Gregory I:
emphasized the concept of Purgatory as a place where sins were purified.
The Carolingian Renaissance refers to the revival of:
. classical learning.
For the Christians of Byzantium and western Europe, the Abbasid caliphate was significant because:
it took military pressure off the Mediterranean.
One of the byproducts of the intellectual competition between the Umayyads of Al-Andalus and the Abbasids of Persia was:
1001 Nights.
The ultimate defeat of Iconoclasm in the ninth century:
led to renewed emphasis on the traditional orthodox faith of the empire.
The Byzantine educational system:
was open to women as well as men.
In the seventh century, cultured Europeans:
. knew that they were living in a world that had broken with the past.
a key group in Islamic religious life was the Sufis, religious mystics who were committed to:
. contemplation and ecstasy.
In general, the instability of power in seventh-century Europe was caused by:
the difficulty in regulating succession to the throne.
Monastic life had great appeal to kings and lords, who supported them because monasteries:
a.provided a dignified place for powerful women to retire.
b. limited the number of powerful women who could reproduce, hence limiting the number of male heirs to power.
c. helped the male power system maintain and control political disputes.
Charlemagne united the Franks through armed expeditions in all of the following areas except the:
. Caliphate of Cordoba.
Why did the Carolingian empire collapse in the ninth century?
Its territory could expand no further.
One of the more noteworthy products of Islamic manufacture was:
paper.
The format of the Qu'ran:
is that of poetry based on Arabic songs.
The Carolingian empire collapsed during the ninth century because:
a. the structural limits of its expansion had been reached.
b. the empire was divided among all of Louis's legitimate heirs.
c. of Viking raids.
d. the Abbasid and Scandinavian trading system broke down.
The Qu'rân contains:
the revelations sent by God to Muhammad.
The Shiite claim to legitimacy rests on the direct connection to Muhammad through his daughter:
. Fatimah.
The Vikings are generally regarded as being a destructive force in European history:
but such a view may not be correct in light of the principalities they established across northern Europe from Ireland to Russia.
Underlying the Carolingian Renaissance was the basic conviction that:
classical learning was the foundation on which Christian wisdom rested.
