US History since 1877 test 1

wanted south to boom like north, if small towns joined together they would prosper, diversify, share cropping, tenant farming, Henry Grady

50% of white voters in each state had to declare loyalty to union to be readmitted, had to give blacks the right to vote, swear they never took part in the confederacy, congress passed bill but lincoln pocket vetoed it

election of 1868, won by a landslide, served 2 terms, hated johnson, bad judge of character, many laws passed under him

Fired stanton even after tenure of office act passed, house drew up reasons, tried in senate and was not convicted by one vote

came up with idea of social darwinism

created conservative one party south, state governments small, south became rural/poor, lack of leadership, created weakness

19th century idealists, survival of the fittest, laissez faire, social evolution

10% plan: recognize abolition of slavery, 10% of voters had to declare loyalty to the union, ignored freedmen

had to be renewed every year, built schools, helped find jobs, provided protection, created 14th amendment--defined citizenship, if they ratify this amendment they can rejoin

laws passed by south to control freedmen, social control, not allowed to vote/hold certain jobs/had to live in certain places/ curfews, if you didn't have a job you went to join, recognized marriages while enslaved, if to young/old to work former owner had to care for you

southern states placed under military control, governments suspended until black males could vote and 14th amendment ratified, Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, wanted to punish south, feared plantation elite would come back in to power

after civil war huge shortage on meat in the east, texans drove animals to kansas and chicago to railroads

1860s, linking railway network east to west, set US on path of economic abundance

Sioux and Cheyenne defiantly leave reservation, army of 2000 men under Custer were watching them and attacked, Custer was counter attacked and got his men and him killed

attacked 250 indians under Black Kettle rule for no reason, killing innocent men, women, and children, never prosecuted but forced out of Colorado militia

english, made pure steel--burn carbon impurities for stronger metal, made steel rails for railroads allowing them to go 30x faster

owned by Union pacific railroad, poured money into owners pockets, repaired RR line, construction company, corruption when Ames (congress rep) sold shares to congress at par

american, invented: cameras, lightbulbs, photographs, phonographs, had a factory and paid people to come up with ideas

changing state and society of the former confederacy

slaves freed, slavery destroyed, union preserved, political dominance of south destroyed, when south left congress north was able to make necessary changes, federal government became involved: tariffs and railroads

standard oil, monopoly oil company, vertical/horizontal organization, richest man 1911 and retired and spent the rest of his life being a philanthropist

steel, vertical/horizontal organization, retired in 1901, pushed alot of people out business, sold his company to US steel investors, built: libraries, music halls, and royal courts

white southern democrats started to take over the southern government again, saving south from evil

last trail made, Texas to Wyoming, cattle drives--short lived after railroads, easy way to transport cattle

stage actor, assassinated Lincoln 4/14/1865 at Fords Theater in DC, opposed abolition, confederate

started by Nathan Forrest, ex confederates, started as friends gathering and drinking, used tactics to scare freedmen

Benjamin Butler, squash KKK, allowed military to go get them

president can't fire an official without senates approval, Johnson ignored and fired Stanton

30,000 acres for each senator/representative in each state, sell land and put that money towards an agriculture college, A&M

John Sutler found gold in Cali at his lumber mill by a river, set off gold rush

people who came from north to south to take advantage, southern myth

white southerns who took advantage of the south during reconstruction, traders to their own people

plains-nomads, followed the buffalo, fine with whites passing through, but didn't like settlers and would fight them

if you go west you can obtain 160 acres of land, but you have to make improvements on it to keep it, enabled white men and women to claim free/inexpensive land

agriculture to industrial, people migrate to US for better life and wanted to take part in economic growth

agreement among politicians, Hayes could only be president in exchange for: ending reconstruction, removing federal troops from south

establish seperate but equal, 1/8th black freeman gets on a black train to test the law and gets arrested, "don't fight movement openly, prove yourself economically and you'll get your equal rights"

created to check on south, sent 15 men to see if they deserved a seat in congress, drafted 14th amendment, while in south noticed: south will rise again attitude, black codes, so they created freedmens bureau

Pardoned more than 150,000 confederates restoring their right to vote and hold political offices

granted citizenship and the same right enjoyed by the white citizens to all male persons in the US, Andrew Johnson vetoes but overturned by 2/3 vote in congress

160 acres of land for $1.25 offered to public, legalized settlement of federal land after being surveyed

barbed wire, changed the way of farming and territory rights

telephone

developed process for more stable rubber

made by craft unions who came from Knights of labor--as that lost strength this gained it, protect harmony among unions, wanted higher wages and job security, founded by Samuel Gompers

cigar maker, founder of AFL--shorter hours, higher wages

pumping/drilling for oil

tobacco

1869, promoted the working man, leader was Terrance Powderly, rejected socialism/radicalism, wanted 8 hour work days, negotiated with employers, moral laborers, founded by Uriah Stephens, favored political action, open to all except pimps, lawyers, bankers, gamblers, liquor salesmen, etc

Carnegie owned it, Frick ran operations, locked out union workers wanting to break them apart, Frick had Pinkerton detective agency come in for security, the workers attacked and had a several day standoff, government sided with Frick and 12 hour work days, union blacklisted, and 500 jobs taken away

1887, regulate railroads and then trucking to insure fair rates over state lines, made in response to pullmans strike

1890, federal government tries to break up monopolies, anyone who conspires to restrain trade--focused towards unions

1887, divided communal tribal land and undermined tribal sovereignty, stopped US army efforts to destroy indians, created schools but indians couldn't understand english, wanted them to adapt to US way of living

1820-1870, economic development where everything began to be made in factories, immigrants provided cheap labor force

first US discovery of silver ore under slope of mount davidson

first major route used by cattle trailing, industry to deliver longhorns to midwest

huge portions of the mountains were washed away. Miners used huge hydraulic hoses to wash dirt through long sloughs to wash out the gold.

Johnson, 1865-1867, had less than $2000 you were pardoned, if more you had to right a letter asking, have a constitutional convention abolishing slavery and repudiate confederate debt, said nothing to freedmen, pardoned almost everyone

Benjamin Singleton created a community in Kansas, defeated by environment, dry farming, no water after homestead act

single person/enterprise is the only supplier of a certain commodity, lack of competition, quality of products went down while price went up

Textile business in NY, 1909 went on strike for higher wages, 1911 a first started killing many worker, in response Frances Perkins enacted fire safety and building codes and stiff penalties

Chicago, railroad workers, police called in used brutality, started police strike, organizers were anarchists--believe in no government, police show up and bomb goes off don't know which side set it off, horrified middle class, hated unions

Illinois, 1894, workers lived on plantations, unions called it debt slavery, tried to reduce wages because of failing economy, workers went on strike, company went to government and they sided with company saying it interfered with the disbursement of mail and that was illegal and forced them to go back to work

no longer an indian, you are equal to everyone, native americans granted rights and citizenship, made to reduce dependency on bureaucracy, terminated sovereignty of tribes, now had to pay taxes and fall laws

founded knights of labor, wanted to be a baptist minister, instead became a tailer and very involved in politics, ran for the labor party for congress, group wanted to go public and change ceremonies to be less offensive to christians and he did not like that so he left the group