Rama
Hero and warrior, avatar (vessel) of the Superior God Vishnu
Sita
Rama's wife
Sita
A woman of saintly devotion
Lakshmana
Rama's loyal brother
Lakshmana
Considered the embodiment of loyality
Hanuman
Monkey hero and king who faithfully serves Rama
Ravana
King of the demons
Ramayana
200 B.C - A.D 200
Ramayana
25,000 (Primary Epic)
Ramayana
Written in Sanskrit
Ramayana
Believed to be written by Poet Valmiki who first took oral stories and wrote into Sanskrit
Ramayana
One of India's great Hindu epics (Another Mahabharata)
What happens when Rama tries to cut off Ravana's heads or arms?
It continues to grow back
After being pierced by many arrows, Ravana faints. What does Rama do? What does it tell us about him?
- He suspends the fighting - He has honor
What asthra does Rama use to finish off Ravana? Where does it hit? What other epic characters are vulnerable in only one spot?
- Brahmasthra - It hits his heart - Tripua
What does Rama's arrow cause to happen to Ravana's real self?
Allows his personality to come through in its pristine form
What is Rama's worry when he sees a scar on Ravana's back? Who/how is he reassured?
- Old wound from elephant attack. He is scared he might have killed somebody Reassured by accepting it.
What role do the gods play in the excerpt from the Ramayana?
The weapons and chariote
What values does Rama embody? How does Rama's treatment of the defeated Ravana emphasize these values?
he has honor and respect Go to heaven and attend funeral
Dandra (asthra)
Special gift from Shiva, capable of pursuing and pulverizing its target. Nuetrlized by arrows
Trident (asthra)
Extra distructed power
Maya (asthra)
Illusion and confusion of your enemy
Garuda (asthra)
Sends out eagle to attack you
Ghana (asthra)
Wisdom, Perception -Illusion evaporates
Thama (asthra)
- Causes darkness in all worlds - Rains a hail storm and tornado
Scholars called the advanced civilization that flourished in India between 2500 and 1500 B.C the __
Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization came to an end when an aggressive group of newcomers called ___ arrived
Aryans
The first literary period in India is Known as the __ period after the Vedas, a collection of ___ which the Hindus believed to be scared to the gods.
- Vedic - Hymns and other texts (Vedas)
The main language of nothern India during 1000 A.D was ___
Sanskrit
This language became a "__" language
Frozen
Frozen language means "__" and it is considered a sacred language spoken by the gods.
Perfect speech
The Indians produced two great epics
Mahabharata and Ramayana
The religion followed by the majority of India's large population is __ which has a variety of beliefs, ritual and gods.
Hinduism
The three deities of Hinduism are __
Brahma - The Creator Vishnu- The Protector Shiva- The Destroyer
Hindus believe that all the gods are ___
aspects of a single essence, or immortal spirit
Following one's __ is a lesson in Hindu literature
Dharma
Dharma means __ and encompasses concepts such as __ , __, __, and __
To hold Duty, Righteousness, Ethics (law) and Morality
A persons dharma unfolds throughout his or her life according to __ made
Choices
Most of the lessons of dharma are determined by the individual on a __ basis
Movement by movement
India's __ system catgorizes people at birth into one of four ranks in society
Caste
__ are scholars, priests, and teachers
Brahman's
__ are rulers and warroirs
Kshtriayas
__ are merchants, farmers and artisans
Vaisyas
__ are menial workers
Sudras
The __ whose task include disposing of dead animals and cleaning up human wastes, are believed to pollute others by touch or sight
Untouchables
__ one's actions in life, influences ones rebirth and future life
Karma
__ is the rebirth of deceased persons soul into another body
Reincarnation
A soul with good karma will be reborn into a higher caste, and eventually may be united with __ , the ultimate spiritual reality
Brahman
Another major religion __ came at the close of the Vedic period
Buddhism
Buddhism was founded by a young prince named __ who was later called __ which means __
Siddhartha Gautama Buddha Enlightened one
To overcome this desire he practiced __
Yoga
Buddhism rejects the Hindu __ and had a lasting influence on __
Caste System Hinduism
__ was brough by Arab traders in the eight century AD and Muslim expansion continued in India for centuries
Islam
In 1947, India was partitioned into two states
Pakistan for Muslims India for Hindus
Who built Taj Mahal and why
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife who died in Child birth - Built in the city of Agra
What is the ideal protrait of classical Indian heronies derived from Sita?
The image of Sita as a flesh and blood women of saintly devotion and great physical endurance
What type of geography is referenced in this epic?
Lush forests, cool hermitages and holy places
Rama and his wife -- are semi divine yet their tail is a human one of -- and --, --, and --, and -- and --
Sita Love Jealousy Loss Recovery Seperation Return
The tale of Rama is a long poem of --
25,000 couplets
It is written in -- and is attributed to the poet and sage __
Sanskrit Valmiki
The main plot begins with __- who wins Sita through --
Prince Rama Miraculous trait of strength
Rama is ready to inherit the --
Thrown
Rama is -- from his fathers kingdom because of -- and wanders in exile with -- and --
Banished Evil Court Intrigue Sita His loyal brother Lakshmana
Sita is abducted by --, the many headed king of the --
Ravana Demons
Sita is brought to --
Lanka's Island Fortress
Rama and Lakshmana ally themselves with --
The monkey king Hanuman
In the end, Rama defeats Ravana, wins back his bride, and --
Returns in triumph
Rama has lingering doubts about her --
Fidelity
In despair, Sita departs the earth and assumes her place as a --
Goddess
Leader of his people
Leader- Prince- than King
Deeds reflects values admired by the society
Good soldiers, honorable, fairness and respectful
Endowed with superior strength, knowledge, cunning and courage.
Wins battle - Kills whole army
Undertakes a long journey to achieve a particular goal/or make journey into supernatural realm
14 years of exile - Journey's from own country- Ravana's Kingdom
Possesses human weakness
Doubts wife fidelity- Distrust - Commits suicide (wife)
Mortal (can die)
-Part divine and Part human - Joins Sita in heaven
Invocation
No
Epic Question/ Purpose
Regaining his wife Fulfill his Dharma
In Medias Res
Does for our section
Superhuman Hero
Super- Incarnation of Vishnu
Superhuman Foe
Ravana - Demon King
Actions affect nation on a grand scale
He defeats army and takes the thrown
Descriptions of battles, armor or weapons
All athrras etc.
High formal/ poetic language: epic similies, epithets
25,000 couplets
Universal themes
Honor, destiny, courage, death- wife dies and he follows dharma