Psychology 201 study guide for midterm

Which of the following is most closely associated with surgical removal of parts of the brain? (Hint: Avalanche can cause you to have brain surgery)

Your instructor announces a "pop" test. You have not read the chapter yet. Your heart and breathing rate increases, and your mouth becomes dry. Which nervous system was responsible for this reaction? (The teacher won't give you "sympathy")

The brain structure that is part of the forebrain and acts as a relay to sort and send sensory information to the cerebral cortex is the Hint: my "thigh" can sense fat

Involuntary changes in heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating are controlled by the You can't go on "auto" pilot when this happens

The branching fibers of the ____ end in ____ and link with parts of other neurons. To link to my family after a flight I need to go to the terminal

The brain consists of approximately 100 billion nerve cells called Jimmy neutron has a lot of these

Communication between neurons is considered to be a(n) ____ change involving ____. Hint: When something changes in your body is changes this way and you transmit to a new person

Megan suffers from a phobia of kittens and cats. Even though she consciously understands that she does not have to be afraid of such small creatures, she still exhibits nervousness as she watches her daughter petting a neighbor's gentle cat. Which part of the limbic system causes this fear response that Megan does not understand? "I'm sure Amy doesn't like this"

Scientists destroyed a tiny area of a cat's limbic system by inserting a tiny electrode into this target area and then passing an electric current through the electrode. The technique used is known as

Weeks after an automobile accident, a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and movements. You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the Can't walk in a circle

Zelda is experiencing more and more blind spots in her vision as her inoperable brain tumor increases. The brain tumor would be in her

In the nervous system, the inactive neuron is said to be in a(n)

The ____ is a network of fibers and cell bodies that lie inside the medulla and brainstem and is associated with attention, alertness, and some reflexes, such as sneezing and coughing.

The "all or nothing event" refers to the fact that

A psychologist may

The founder of psychoanalytic psychology was

Brain mechanisms involved in hunger and thirst would most likely be studied by a

The functionalists were interested in how thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and habits help people and animals

Which of the following is NOT one of the six elements of the scientific method?

Latoya is using a reading strategy that has been shown to improve learning and grades because it promotes active learning and information processing. Latoya is using the ____ method.

The ____ view is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the principles of natural selection.

____ is important in psychological research in order to disseminate results to the scientific community

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic ethical guidelines for psychological researchers?

After reading a small amount of material in her textbook, Juanita pauses and rehearses what she has just read and tries to mentally answer the question, "What is the main idea here?" Juanita also jots down brief notes on what she has just read. Juanita is engaged in which of the six steps of the SQ4R method?

Meridian Community College has a total of 4,000 students. One hundred of these students are surveyed about the programs offered at the college. The 100 students surveyed would constitute the

John recently took what he thought was a pain reliever and reports less shoulder pain. However, the pill he took was only a sugar pill. This best illustrates the

A researcher determines that the crime rate in a large city is related to the phases of the moon. He concludes that the gravitational pull of the moon influences human behavior. He has committed what error?

An experiment is performed to test the effects of sleep deprivation on rote memory. In this experiment, the dependent variable is the

Which of the following is characteristic of a humanistic approach to the study of behavior?

Wundt observed stimuli of various kinds and then used a process called ____ to probe his own reactions to the stimuli. He was spectating his own inside

You discuss your feelings of loneliness with the psychologist, who responds by having you consider how your own behaviors contribute and reinforce your loneliness, how your early childhood relationship with your parents influences current relationships, and how your distorted self-image may inhibit you from seeking new relationships. This psychologist is most likely It's called being a human

As gas prices increase we see a decline in the number of travelers on the highway. This is an example of ____ correlation.

Critical thinkers

The town of Indianola, Mississippi, wants to know what the community thinks about building a high-tech movie theatre. Increased taxes will be used to pay for the new theatre. Therefore, elected officials are mailing out questionnaires to determine public opinion about the theatre and the use of increased taxes to pay for it. Which type of research method are they using?

Decreases in one measure are matched by increases in the other measure in a

Psychology is

If you read an article comparing the value of breastfeeding versus formula feeding on the physical growth of infants, the psychologist who would have written this article is probably a(n)

The chief function of the control group in an experiment is that it

A(n)____ is any condition that can change and that might affect the outcome of the experiment

The autonomic nervous system contains two branches called the

neurotransmitters are released at the

a person will "hear" a series of sounds when which area of the cortex is electrically stimulated

the reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the

nerves that leave the brain directly are called

in response to experience, new synapses form between neurons, and other connections grow stronger. these changes in the brain due to experience illustrate the brain's?

A sleepy driver rounds a bend and sees a deer standing in the road. the driver anspas to attention and applied brakes because his

In a car accident a person sustain major trauma to his brain and the spinal cord region of his neck. Damage, in this case, was mainly to areas of the

The tiny gaps separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted are known as

Aaron flexes his muscles as he shoots a basketball into the basket. His voluntary use of his muscles is controlled by which nervous system?

The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called

According to Izard and other emotional researchers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the grasping reflex, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Loud noises can increase the fetus' heart rate and movement, which illustrates that outside conditions can affect the unborn in the the __________ environment.

Regarding Piaget and Vygotsky's views of cognitive development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A person's developmental level refers to that person's

Vygotsky realized that some tasks are just beyond a child's reach. However, children receiving sensitive guidance from skilled partners could make rapid progress. Interactions like this are most helpful when they take place within a child's

Tony has resolved his struggle with dying and is neither happy nor sad, but at peace. At this point, all he desires is the companionship of his family and friends. Tony is exhibiting which emotional reaction to impeding death?

In which parental style do parents enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority?

Jimmy is trying to get his infant son's attention. So, he talks in a higher pitched voice and repeats short simple sentences like, "Daddy's big boy." Jimmy is using

The bedtime distress that occurs when babies are left alone at night can sometimes be eased with the presence of a stuffed animal or favorite blanket, which are known as

The study of changes in behavior from conception to death encompasses the field known as

The pleasant, reassuring feeling infants get from touching something soft and warm, especially their mother, is referred to as

Regarding identity formation

Regarding the research on happiness

Which psychologist believed that all children pass through a series of distinct stages in their intellectual development?

In the human growth sequence, a child who is between the ages of 15 to 18 months and two to two and half years old would be

The dying individual asks, "Why me?" in which emotional reaction?

In talking to an infant, an adult may use exaggerated or musical voice inflections during a type of speech known as

Regarding fluid abilities, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Through such games as "I'm-Going-To-Get-You," adults and babies come to share similar rhythms and expectations that help to create a system that includes touching, vocalizing, gazing, and smiling, which are referred to as shared

Which of the following is NOT good advice when visiting a person who is dying?

Eleven-year-old Jason wants to go to the movies with his friends, but his parents say that he can't. When he asks why, his parents respond that as long as he's living under their roof, he will do what he's told and not ask any questions. This style of parenting will most likely lead Jason to be a(n)

Defects that originate during prenatal development in the womb due to environmental conditions are known as

Regarding smiling, which of the following statements is FALSE?

After being adopted, the children who were raised in severely overcrowded orphanages where they got little attention, showed all of the following characteristics EXCEPT for

A hallucination is

The direct flow of charged atoms into the tips of the taste buds explains which two tastes?

Visual problems such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are the result of

Obtaining additional information as a check on the accuracy of one's perceptions is called

A dog whistle can be heard by dogs but not by humans. This whistle takes advantage of a characteristic of sensory systems known as

Converting important features of the world into neural messages understood by the brain is called

If you work in a noisy environment or enjoy loud music, motorcycling, snowmobiling, hunting, or similar pursuits, you may be at risk for developing which type of hearing loss?

Most of the focusing is done at the front of the eye by the cornea, with additional, smaller adjustments being made by the

Which theory of color vision explains what happens in the optic pathways and in the brain after information leaves the eye?

Jeremy who sits in the back of the seventh grade classroom, has no trouble reading the words in his textbook, but he is having difficulty reading the words that the teacher is writing on the board or seeing the images on the projection screen. Jeremy most likely has which vision problem?

The somesthetic senses include

The ears of bats can transduce and hear sound waves that humans cannot. This allows them to fly in complete darkness by using

The physical "height" of a sound wave that tells how much energy the wave contains is called

Regarding inattentional blindness, we are more likely not to perceive something when

A researcher is using an apparatus that consists of a glass-topped table with one side having a checkered surface that lies directly beneath the glass with the other checkered surface being four feet below the glass surface causing the appearance of a drop-off. This apparatus is known as

Which one of the following sequences is the correct one for audition?

When you are traveling in a wide open space with clean air, very distant mountains often appear to be closer than they really are. This occurrence is due to a decrease in

The cones of the retina

Bifocal lenses are used to correct

When our attention is narrowly focused, we may experience

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding sleep sex?

Jeffery has just taken a substance that alters his sensory impressions. Which type of drugs did he most likely consume?

The mental exercise known as meditation

Amphetamine is very similar in its effects to

The safest sleep position for most infants in order to prevent SIDS is

Most stage hypnotists get people to do strange things because

One's natural sleep need

A substance capable of altering attention, judgment, perception, and emotions

Brief ____ appears to be one of the surest ways to induce deep relaxation.

REM is the acronym that stands for

Kyanna sometimes stops breathing for more than 20 seconds while sleeping. This can happen hundreds of times per night. She has

A person suffering from insomnia has a sleep problem characterized by

Nicotine is classified as a

Drugs with names like Xanax, Halcion, and Valium are

Smoking leads to an increased risk of

Physical cravings for a drug and unpleasant reactions when the drug is withheld are signs of

Ashley seems to fall asleep in the middle of a conversation. She has even suffered one of these sleep attacks while standing. She is likely to suffer from the sleep disturbance referred to as

According to your text, sensory deprivation is defined as

The two major forms of meditation are

Confusion, disorientation, delusions, and hallucinations are characteristic of

Sleep

While you are watching TV, your mind begins to drift and you become increasingly drowsy. You know the television is on, but you cannot distinguish which program is on. Then, your friend says, "You're asleep." You quickly state, "No, I'm not," but you really were. The sleep stage described would be

Rohypnol is

Margo dreams of stealing her friends' wedding ring and placing it on her hand. According to Freud, Margo's dream probably represents

Superstitious behavior

A linked series of actions that lead to reinforcement is the definition of which of the following concepts?

Jason's parents reward him with a play break after he has worked on his homework for 20 minutes. After 20 more minutes of study, Jason receives another play break. Jason is on a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

____ is the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to those that preceded operant reinforcement.

A puppy has begun to cry and bark in order to be let into the house. To extinguish this response, you would

The learned ability to respond differently to various stimuli is known as

To produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would

A(n) ____ is a dependable, inborn stimulus-and-response connection.

One thing that reinforcement and punishment have in common is that both

Pavlov's most famous experiment involved teaching dogs to ____ to a new stimulus

To be effective, punishment should be

___ is given only when a particular response is made

Advertisers often try to use higher order conditioning by

The concept that best explains persistence at gambling is

The basic tools available to control simple learning work best when used

In a self-management program, self-recording

Psychologists define learning as

The brief return of an operant response after extinction is known as

In the textbook example regarding "Shaping the Teacher," psychology students looked really interested in her lecture when she was standing on the right side of the room, and they looked bored when she was standing on the left side. The students were shaping the teacher's behavior using

According to the ____, learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs

Teaching your cat to turn on the living room lights would best be accomplished by

People prone to repression tend to

If two brain cells become more active at the same time, the connections between them grow stronger. This process is called

State-dependent learning is a term which refers to the fact that

Regarding the ways to improve memory, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A member of your favorite study group from last semester is walking toward you in the mall, but you cannot remember her name. You are sure you would be able to remember her name if you were back on campus in the library room where the group met to study. Maybe when you hear her voice, her name will come back to you. You are experiencing

Which of the following types of memory is most often stored phonetically (by sound)?

In which memory system will information be quickly "dumped" unless the process of maintenance rehearsal takes place?

Smelling apple pie causes you to have vivid and detailed memories of the happy times that you spent in your grandmother's kitchen. This process is called

The worst that happens when hypnosis is used as an aid to memory in solving a crime is that

A history exam that requires students to "Discuss economic factors that contributed to World War I" is measuring

Extremely traumatic experiences, such as military combat, can result in memories and "flashbacks" that leave a person emotionally handicapped because they produce so much activation in which part of the brain?

After memorization, most forgetting tends to occur

Regarding the use of hypnosis, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of

After a long flight, a very tired Mark rented a car at the airport and drove to a nearby motel. The next morning, when he went to the parking lot, he could not remember what make, model, or color car he had rented. Mark's forgetting illustrates

A strategy or a device that acts as a system or aid to improving memory is called a(n)

Déjà vu experiences feel familiar but yet strange because

According to the network model of memory, the time required to answer questions about objects, events, or individuals depends on

If you can link information in short-term memory to knowledge already stored in long-term memory, the information will

Regarding episodic memories, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following psychologists pioneered the scientific study of forgetting using nonsense syllables and plotted the curve of forgetting?

Regarding electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and consolidation

Trisomy-21 results in which condition?

Which of the following types of intelligence tests minimizes language skills and consists mainly of items that require the student to match patterns or choose the figure that completes a sequence?

An idea representing a category of related objects or events is called a(n)

Which of the following represents a mixture of convergent thinking, intelligence, reason, creativity, originality, openness, and tolerance?

Compared to routine problem solving, creative thinking involves

On a creativity test, you are asked to list all the uses of a paper clip. The more unusual or novel your answers the higher will be your __________ score.

A person who gets "hung up" on using a familiar object only in one certain way is exhibiting

In the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), an intellectual disability is also referred to as a(n)

Regarding "reverse vision," which of the following statements is TRUE?

Billy has a mental age of eight and a chronological age of ten. Billy's IQ is

The items actually selected for an intelligence test provide which type of definition of intelligence?

Regarding Terman's study of the 1,500 intellectually gifted he called the "Termites,

Semantic problems would be LEAST likely to occur

Down syndrome results from flaws in the parents' egg or sperm cells, a condition called

For the last 30 years, Duane Rumbaugh and Sue Savage-Rumbaugh have taught a chimp named Kanzi to communicate using

In a study of how language affects one's thoughts, individuals who spoke different languages were asked to arrange a set of cards that depicted a series of events, such as a meal being cooked and eaten. Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the findings of this study?

Average intelligence is usually defined as any score from

Which of the following is based on the fact that many tasks can be reduced to a set of rules applied to a body of information?

A 10-year-old child with a mental age of 10 would have an IQ of

IBM's Watson supercomputer, which outperformed even expert humans at playing the television game Jeopardy, and the computer Deep Blue that beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997 are examples of

The fact that the sentence, "Samantha kissed Trevor," has a very different meaning from "Trevor kissed Samantha," demonstrates the importance of

A diet of cheese, peanut butter, cookies, bananas, marshmallows, and chocolate is referred to as a(n) ____ and tends to encourage ____,

The National Academy of Sciences recently concluded that polygraph tests

When asked a series of questions with critical items mixed among them by a skilled polygraph examiner, an innocent person

After eating a salty fish dinner you are very thirsty for plain water, a condition described as

The human sex drive

Many of the physiological changes during emotion are caused by the activity of the ____ nervous system.

Taste aversions are a type of classical conditioning, and if there is a long delay between the CS and US, conditioning is usually prevented. The fact that people and animals can develop taste aversions, even though sickness occurs long after eating, indicates that

If the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat's hypothalamus is destroyed, the rat will

A cat caged in complete darkness learns to press a lever to briefly turn on a light. In terms of the cat's motivation, the light serves as a(n)

You are driving cross-country and stop in at a fast food restaurant. You eat several cheeseburgers and a gargantuan-mound of fries. After eating this food, you find yourself very thirsty. Your thirst would be best quenched by drinking

The psychological state or feeling we call thirst or hunger corresponds to which element of motivation?

Curiosity and exploration are ____ motives, while thirst and hunger are ____ motives.

There is a rare genetic defect in which a person has reduced ____ levels in his or her body, leading to obesity.

The perception of an emotion in any situation can depend on what a person thinks has caused his or her feelings of physical arousal. This illustrates which theory of emotion?

You are about to make a speech. Your hands tremble, your posture tenses, and your voice has a slight quiver as you begin. These outward signs represent which component of emotions?

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding diets and dieting?

According to Martin Seligman, ____ can be cultivated by using the strengths we already possess, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the suppression of emotions?

Which theory of emotion BEST explains how "putting on a happy face" can actually make you feel better?

Which statement concerning stimulus drives is FALSE?

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are

Frequent changes in diet and weight can

Regarding the dimensions of sex, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Over the past 20 years, extreme gender role stereotyping has been

The two structures that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus are the

Within a healthy sexual relationship, according to McCarthy, there are four important elements including

Recent research with the Scholastic Assessment Test indicates that the differences in verbal and math abilities that do exist between men and women are based on

Dr. Armond is investigating what role genetics play in homosexuality. His research centers on how genes are expressed during development. Dr. Armond's field is called

The word androgyny refers to having both masculine and feminine traits and literally means

Regarding research on the effects of sexual arousal and testosterone levels on behavior, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding the after-effects for rape victims, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following reflects all the subtle pressures from parents, peers, and cultural forces that urge boys to "act like boys" and girls to "act like girls"?

In recent years, an increasing trend has been

Regarding forcible rape, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Achieving sexual arousal by wearing clothes of the opposite sex is known as __________ disorder.

Regarding current trends in the sexual behavior among young people, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to Sandra Bem, a person who is cheerful, compassionate, gentle, understanding, loyal, soft spoken, and sympathetic would be considered

Regarding gender stereotypes, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Overall, for every dollar earned by men in North America, women tend to earn __________ cents.

A person who desires sexual activity but does not become sexually excited is suffering from a(n) __________ disorder.

The belief that a woman who is raped by an acquaintance actually wanted to have sex is an example of

Heredity influences

Mark is very hungry. After class, he leaves the building and sees the signs of the fast food restaurants near the college. After seeing the signs, he gets in his car to satisfy his hunger. Dollard and Miller would describe Mark's hunger as a

Which region of the mind holds repressed memories and emotions, plus the instinctual drives of the id?

Based on the research to date, most psychologists would argue that personality is

The dimensions of the "Big Five" factor model of personality are

The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of

The four approaches to personality theories covered by the text include all of the following EXCEPT

The concept of traits is used for

According to ____, personality is acquired through classical and operant conditioning, observational learning, reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and discrimination.

A personality type is

Temperament refers to

According to Freud, when impulses from the id overwhelm the ego, the person experiences

To assess personality, psychologists tend to use

The MMPI-2 was primarily designed

According to Freud, the ego is governed by the

According to Freud, children from age six to puberty experience a quiet, settled time when psychosexual development is dormant. This is the ____ period.

In the five-factor theory of personality, the dimension of ____ measures whether a person is self-disciplined, responsible, and achieving or irresponsible, careless, and undependable.

Marla believes herself to be hardworking, conscientious, and a team player; but when she received her job evaluations from her employer and peers, she was shocked to learn that she was not viewed as hardworking or as a team player. According to Rogers, Marla is experiencing

In Freudian theory, ____ refers to a preschool boy's attraction to his mother and feelings of rivalry with his father.

If we describe Dan as being sociable, orderly, and intelligent, we are referring to his

____ people have personality traits that increase their chance of suffering a heart attack, while ____ people take a more laid-back approach to life.

During the first year of life, a child goes through the ____ stage, while between the ages of one and three years, the child is said to go through the ____ stage.

In the Freudian view of personality, which part of the personality is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts?

A psychologist is administering a projective test in which his client looks at several pictures and tells a story about each one. The psychologist will interpret the content of his client's stories. For example, he will count the number of times the central figure in each story told by his client is angry, overlooked, apathetic, jealous, or threatened. The projective test being used by this psychologist is most likely the

According to social learning theory, ____ refers to the child's emotional attachment to admired adults, especially those who provide love and care.

Irrational and very specific fears that persist even when there is no real danger to a person are called

Gwendolyn is a 34-year-old, unmarried woman, who relies on her parents to take care of her. She refuses to move out because she has an extreme lack of self-confidence and feels that her parents do a better job of structuring her life than anyone else, including herself. Gwendolyn fits the description of a ____ personality disorder.

Although her family is unaware of her feelings of hopelessness and despair, Carmen is very unhappy. Thus, she would be exhibiting psychopathology based on

Depressive, somatic, grandeur, persecution, influence, and reference are types of

The neurotransmitter ____ has been shown to be related to schizophrenia and is also affected by PCP use.

Medical and psychology students have a predictable tendency to notice in themselves the symptoms of each dreaded disease or psychopathology they study. This is known as

Persons who suffer from paraphilias are categorized as having

Allison believes that her body is "rotting away" on the inside, her hair is falling out, and her skin is completely drying out. Allison is experiencing

Ben was usually in the hospital at least 15 times a year. He was taking 19 different medications, and his mother said that she desperately wanted him to be healed. The doctors discovered that there was nothing wrong with Ben. However, his mother was eventually diagnosed with ____ because she had a pathological need to seek attention and sympathy from medical professionals by "keeping her child sick."

Women who are exposed to ____ during the middle of pregnancy have children who are more likely to become schizophrenic.

According to the textbook, abnormal behavior is defined by two core features that are indicative of the person requiring psychological help. These two features are

Aaron has had to reschedule his voice recital four times. Each time on the day before his recital, he loses his voice. Aaron's doctor CANNOT find anything that could physically cause Aaron to lose his voice. Thus, psychological factors appear to underlie Aaron's symptoms, which indicates that Aaron most likely has a(n)

CT scans and MRI scans both suggest that the brains of schizophrenics have

Some researchers believe schizophrenia results from brain receptors becoming super-responsive to normal amounts of

Paula would love to have friends and go to the movies and parties, but she just knows that she would embarrass herself in these situations by not wearing the "right" clothes or not being able to carry on a conversation. Paula would be diagnosed as having a(n) ____ personality disorder.

Statistical approaches to abnormality define as "abnormal" those who

Calvin has been on a "pleasure binge" for the last three days. He has cleaned out his bank account spending the money on anything that gains his attention. He would be described as loud, elated, and hyperactive. A week ago he was feeling like a failure and was withdrawn and unhappy. Calvin would most likely be diagnosed with

Under what circumstances do mental problems represent an elevated risk of violence?

Which of the following mood disorders is characterized by the person being mild to moderately depressed most of the time for at least two years with no psychotic episodes and no mania?

Paul is described as irresponsible, reckless, deceitful, and lacking a conscience. Which type of disorder is most likely involved?

Annabelle is in the grocery store when she notices her heart is racing, and she becomes very dizzy. She is shaking so that she is barely able to stand up, and she cannot seem to get enough air and begins to hyperventilate. Annabelle thinks that maybe she is having a heart attack or going insane. She was fine a few minutes ago. Annabelle is exhibiting symptoms of a(n)

An obsession is an unwanted ____, while a compulsion is an unwanted ____.

The risk of postpartum depression is increased by

According to the text, dissociations are often triggered by

According to the textbook, the reason for the gender bias in judging normality is due to

Which of the following statements regarding media psychologists is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT an effective counseling skill?

"The owner of a chicken ranch ends a pet dog's habit of stealing and eating eggs by allowing the dog to 'find' and eat several eggs laced with Tabasco sauce. The ranch owner's approach is similar to

For what is Philippe Pinel most famous?

Freud believed that neuroses

People with drug addiction may find it nearly impossible to resist the temptations for drug abuse in their daily lives without the use of

"____ therapy seeks to uncover a 'true self' hidden behind a screen of defenses, while ____ therapy emphasizes that you can choose to become the person you want to be."

Which of the following would be the BEST definition of psychotherapy?

Patients are randomly assigned to a therapy treatment group, while the other patients are placed on a waiting list. If members of this control group, who were placed on a waiting list and received no treatment, improved at the same rate as those in the experimental therapy group, we could conclude that ____ was responsible for improvement of the patients."

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the effectiveness of therapy?

Trepanning involves

Analysis of resistances and transference are standard features of

"To alleviate bed wetting, special sheets connected to an alarm are placed on the child's bed. When the child's full bladder releases the first droplets of urine onto the special sheet, the alarm will sound and awaken the child. Through this pairing of a loud alarm with a full bladder, the child will learn to awaken to the full bladder. This illustrates the use of ____ in alleviating a problem behavior."

"To reduce the time you spend watching TV, you vividly imagine yourself failing an important exam. This technique is called"

"During the Middle Ages, treatments for mental illness in Europe focused on ____, which blamed abnormal behavior on supernatural forces, such as possession by the devil, and on curses from witches and wizards."

____ is the use of learning principles to make constructive changes in behavior and includes aversion therapy, desensitization, and token economies."

"Problem gamblers suffer from several cognitive distortions related to gambling, including which of the following?"

Which of the following would be a behavior that would help if you were providing support and counseling to a friend?

Which of the following is considered the LEAST preferred place to find a psychotherapist?

The negative impact of shortening psychiatric hospitalization has been to

"When looking in the yellow pages, counselors are usually found under the heading ____; psychiatrists are generally listed under ____."

Sharing your own private thoughts and feelings with others is called

With regard to romantic love, the nearly exclusive attention lovers give to one another is called

You are practicing your guitar alone in your dorm room when your roommate and another student from down the hall walk in and motion for you to keep going. If you are confident in your musical skill, you are more likely to perform better with these two people present, according to the principle of

Regarding Jane Elliot's demonstration with blue-eyed and brown-eyed children, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Acceptable behavior in most situations is defined by society, as a whole, through the broadest set of

In his research on stereotype threat, Steele found that when African-American college students were told that a task to be performed was a test of academic ability, their performance was

When we bring our behavior into agreement with the actions, norms, or values of others in the absence of any direct pressure, we are exhibiting

Tony asks his friend Clay how he was able to get his mom to give him $10 for the movies. Clay replies that you first ask for a loan of $25. When she refuses, you then ask if she could at least loan you $10. Clay has learned that which approach works his mom?

A person has fainted and collapsed on the sidewalk. Latané and Darley suggest that if the sidewalk is crowded, few people will even see the person due to

A friend asks you to bring dip to a party, and you agree. Then, your friend adds that you need to make at least two quarts of it and bring at least three bowls to serve it in and three bags of chips. This party planner has used which compliance strategy on you?

Cognitive dissonance theory is based on the human need for

A selection committee was interviewing applicants for a new position in the media department of the college. The psychologist on the committee found it very interesting that a majority of the committee believed that the applicant who was a former beauty queen was the most intelligent, likeable, and socially skilled of all the applicants, although two of the other candidates had considerably more education and experience with college publications. The majority of the committee is exhibiting

Who is best known for his research on conformity?

In public areas that are kept clean, people tend to

People are more likely to aggress when their goals are blocked, according to the

Comparing hairstyles, habits of speech, dress, eating habits, and social customs in two or more cultures makes it clear that the members of each society tend to

Abe and Sandy have deep emotional and sexual feelings for each other, which Sternberg referred to as

Race is

Regarding what people look for when considering potential dating partners, Goode conducted a study in which personal ads were placed in newspapers. The four ads included a beautiful woman who was a waitress, an average-looking female lawyer, an average-looking male lawyer, and a handsome male cabdriver. Results of the study showed that in choosing a potential dating partner, the majority of