Modern World Holt World History

Government protects individual life, liberty and property. US Declaration of Independence = life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. If government doesn't protect these rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government. Social contract theory.

He was the leader of the scientific revolution His ideas led to great advances in mathematics, the sciences and philosophy. He stated that all assumptions had to be proven on the basis of known facts. He believed that all fields of scientific knowledge were connected and should be studied together. He created a mathematical description of the way light reflects from a smooth surface.

He believed that scientific theories could be developed only through observation. He thought nothing could be proven unless ran through repeatable experiments. He published a book that outlined his system of knowledge in 1620.

He helped pioneer the modern science of chemistry. He shoed that temperature and pressure affect the space that gas occupies.

English philosopher who outlined his political philosophy in 1651 in a book called Leviathan. He believed people should choose a leader to rule them. He believed that only the strong would survive unless order was imposed by the greater power of rule.

He accepted Hobbes and Locke's ideas of the social contract but believed in popular sovereignty, which is voting, and a republic democracy.

He didn't agree to Ptolemy geometric theory. He argued that the sun was the center of the universe. He devoted the heliocentric, or "sun centered" theory. He realized that his theory explained many of the known facts about astronomy.

A brilliant mathematician who used models, observations and mathematics to test Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory. He eventually proved the heliocentric theory correct. He published the laws of planetary motion in 1609. It proved the Earth moves around the sun.

He built his own device "a telescope" and began studying the heavens. It was very simple but he was able to see things no one had seen before.

He published a book building on the work of Copernicus. Kepler, and Galileo. He realized that the force that holds the planets in the orbits and the force that causes objects to fall to earth are one and the same. He explained the laws of motion and developed mathematical means of measuring motion

He pioneered the study of anatomy. He did his own studies to see how the human body was constructed. He published a 7-volume book.

He wrote about many topics including first amendment rights and nobility and monarchy. He was sent to prison for his writings.

She believed in woman equality rights, giving woman more rights they deserve.

He accepted the ideas of Hobbes and Locke but also included the three branches of government.

Legal right protecting individuals from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment.

Document in 1689 that declared the powers of Parliament and protected private citizens.

Government in which the Monarch remains the head of the state, but the king of queen is required to consult Parliament.

System of government in which absolute monarch ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment.

Period in the 1700's when philosophers believed that they could apply scientific method and use reason to explain human nature logically.

Belief that truth can be determined solely by logical thinking.

Governmental principle based on just laws and on a government created by and subject to the will of the people.

The document established the US as an independent nation. Thomas Jefferson wrote it. It declared that all men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

A method of inquiry that includes carefully conducted experiments and mathematical calculations to verify the results of experiments.

The act gave some religious freedom to the Protestant Dissenters who were not members of the Anglican Church.

The act was to keep Catholics away from the throne, It ensured that only Protestants could take the throne.

This law united England and Scotland into one kingdom (Great Britain) He removed trade barriers and brought wealth to the kingdom.

The era between 1400 and 1750 when Europeans made major changes to their economies due to new exploration.

Important taxes on foreign goods.

Economic theory stating that there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world and that in order to receive a larger share, one country has to take some wealth away from another country.

Transformation in thinking that occurred during the 1500's and 1600's caused by scientific observation, experimentation, and the questioning of traditional opinions.

A theory according to Hellenistic thinker Ptolemy that Earth is the center of the universe.

A theory developed by Copernicus that the sun is the center of the universe.

Belief that god chooses kings to rule nations.

Petition stating four ancient liberties presented to Parliament by Charles I. _A demand to recognize the rights of the people.

The citizens of England were sharply divided. The sides were those who supported the king and those who supported Parliament.

Bloodless transfer of power to William and Mary of England in 1968.