McGraw Hill World History: Islam and the Arab Empire

the ruler of an Arabic tribe, chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders

Arabic for God; the supreme god of Islam

divine truth

a monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula during the seventh century

act of submitting to the control or authority of another

a person who believes in Islam

the holy scriptures of the religion of Islam

the journey of Muhammad and his followers Madinah in 622, which became year 1 of the official calendar of Islam

a nomadic Arab who lives in the Arabian, Syrian, or North African deserts

a pilgrimage to Makkah, one of the requirements of the Five Pillars of Islam

acts of worship every Muslim must perform; this includes belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage

a law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad's death; it provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives

a successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims

"struggle in the way of god", a Muslim's duty to work for the triumph of Islam in the world

the office or dominion of a caliph

a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam

a Muslim group that accepts only descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam

a place or area that contains several different cultures and groups

a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries

" holder of the power," the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and the Ottomans

a covered market in Islamic cities

a gift of money of property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride's parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife

an instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of the stars

geometric patterns repeated over and over to completely cover a surface with decoration

the tower of a mosque from which the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer five times a day

the crier who calls the Muslim faithful to prayer from the minaret of a mosque