Islam, the Quran, and the Five Pillars All Without a Flamewar

East coast of the Mediterranean

7th Century CE

- Powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca and its Kaaba - Muhammad was born into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe

- God sent him as the final prophet to bring people back to the one true religion

The holy book of Islam

Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

- Strict Monotheism - Importance of taking care of those less fortunate than you

1- Shahada 2- Salat 3- Sawm 4- Zakat 5- Hajj

- The Muslim's acceptance of the divine god "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah"

The ritual prayer of Muslims, performed five times daily in a set form. *Names, below, are probably not on the test* - Fajr (Dawn to Sunrise) - Zuhr (After true noon until Asr) - Asr (Afternoon) - Maghrib (After sunset until dusk) - Isha (Dusk until dawn)

Fasting from dawn until dusk during the month of Ramadan

Obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes.

The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.

Collections of sayings and stories about the Prophet

The code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Muhammad; "sharia is only applicable to Muslims"; "under Islamic law there is no separation of church and state"

Muslim community of believers

- Muhammad's message of one god - The Quraysh tribe managed the pilgimage trade in Mecca, and if all those gods were false, it would be a disaster economically

- They forced Muhammad and his followers out of Mecca in 622 CE

Yithrab of Medina

- Marks the year zero in Islamic calendar - Muhammad's journey to Medina

630 CE

He did not announce his successor

The Caliphate

Abu Bakr

- Muhammad's father-in-law - Stabilized the community after Muhammad's death - Began the process of recording the Quran in writing - Started Military campaigns against the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires

Umar ibn Al-Khattāb

- Succeeded Abu Bakr (632-634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. - Was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history - He was a senior Sahabi of the Islamic prophet Muhammad - Assassinated

Uthman ibn Affan

- Succeeded Umar ibn al-Khattab as caliph at age 65 - Standardized the Quran - Continued the tradition of conquest - Assassinated

Ali

- Caliph between 656 and 661 CE which was one of the hardest periods in Muslim history that coincided with the first Muslim civil war. - He reigned over Rashidun empire which was extended from Central Asia in the east to North Africa in the west. - Many Muslims consider his government as the Islamic style of justice and tolerance on one side and tough following of Islamic law on the other.

- Uthman's tribe - Dynasty that would rule over an ever-expanding Islamic Empire for more than a hundred years

- Sunnis believe Abu Bakr was rightly elected the first caliph - Shi'a Muslims believe it should've been Ali

"The Rightly Guided Caliphs"

- The last non-Muslim successors to the Persian Empire - Fighting the Byzantines for about 300 years, they were weak - Were recently struck with a plague

- You paid lower taxes if you converted to Islam - Taxes on worshiping your idols