History Alive: Early Humans and the Rise of Civilization

a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government

2340 B.C. leader of the Akkadians who overran the Sumerian city-state and set up the first empire

Capital of Assyria

the Neo-Babylonians most famous king who was a ruthless military leader

at its height in the 400s B.C.E., the largest empire the world had ever known, ruling over land in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia

a city that is the center of a government

wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior

a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender

the study of stars and planets

Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia

a society marked by developed arts, sciences, government, and social structure

the use of tools and other inventions for practical purposes

person who makes money by selling goods

craftsperson

person who writes

ancient Mesopotamian temple tower with outside staircases and a shrine at the top

characteristic of civilization that includes the beliefs and behaviors of a society or group of people

writing that uses wedge-shaped characters; first system of writing

a symbol that stands for an object

land between the rivers

an early city that was like a small, independent country with its own laws and government

arranged in a difficult way

a strong disagreement

one of the two largest rivers in Southwest Asia that flow from mountains in Turkey to the Persian Gulf

means of supplying land with water

substance that lies between or above other things

small wall of earth built to prevent a river from flooding its banks

to keep something in good condition through continual repair

a resource that can be used to make something else

fine particles of rock/minerals; fertile soil

an area in southern Mesopotamia, where cities first appeared

one of the two largest rivers in Southwest Asia that flow from the mountains in Turkey to the Persian Gulf

age in which the first stone tools were made.

age when people got food by hunting wild animals, gathering nuts, berries, and more

age when people settled down in one place for the first time

to train a wild animal to be useful for humans

business of farming; growing crops or raising animals

business of buying and selling or exchanging items

mineral mined for its valuable uses

a scientist who studies human development and culture

ability or skill

to move from one geographic region to another

a two-footed animal

a piece of land connecting two continents

one of the earliest hominids every discovered; Australopithecus afarensis

also known as "The Toolmaker;" Homo Habilis

moved from place to place; used fire to keep warm; Homo Erectus

made better tools; lived as a community; Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis

migrated across land bridges; created cave art; Homo Sapiens Sapiens

scientist who studies the past by examining objects/artifacts that people left behind.

a person who studies and writes about the human past

a person who studies and creates maps of Earth's natural and human-made features

object made or used by people in the past

before written history

relating to a ceremony, such as a religious ceremony

arc-shaped region of Southwest Asia, with rich soil