Piecemeal
One piece at a time
Mississippi Fluorescence
In Cahokia, they began farming with the Mexican Trinity, and it made their food output become surplus, thus yielding a population to food production to surplus to population circle
Mexican Trinity
Maize, beans, and squash, make Mississippi Florescence possible
Biota
The stuff in the Biome
Cereal Crop
Maize, oats, wheat, barley are all cereal crops
Larder
pantry
Circumscribe
To draw a line around and therefore to narrowly limit or restrict actions
Botany
Study of plants
Ethnobiology
Study of human relation to plants/animals
Grafting
Put two things together
Mediterranean zone
California, Chili, Australia, South Africa, Mediterranean
Auto-catalytic process
the more added, the bigger it gets
Dichotomy
Two opposing things (HG and Farming)
Hermaphroditic Selfer
Has both male and female reproductive organs and self pollinates
Pleistocene
An epoch of 2,000,000 to 10,000 years ago
Glaciation
A period of glaciers
Why did agriculture never arise in some fertile and highly suitable areas?
The climate and topography wasn't suitable, it took to long to change over, they didn't want to change over, or they didn't have the proper crops to change over.
What is the relationship between a climate and the plants grown there?
They have similar characteristics, season & plant cycles work together
Why was the fertile crescent the earliest site for agricultural development?
Crops were easily gethered, preferred crops were grown easily, and it was the easiest spot to farm.
What is animal husbandry?
The keeping track and breeding of animals for the most desirable traits
Why did Jordan Valley Farmers domesticate barley and emmer wheat as opposed to other crops of that region
They had the largest seeds. Barley is in the top 4 most abundant cereals, and emmer is of medium abundance.
Barley could evolve quickly. Other seeds were in lower abundance, perennial, making them evolve too slowly for domestication
Explain Mark Blumler's studies and tell the reason behind why the Fertile Crescent was so successful in food production
The climate, the way the summer is dry and the winter is wet. Most helpful grasses are concentrated into the fertile crescent.
Were hunter/gatherers/incipient farmers aware of the possible uses of wild crops? If so, why didn't they use them in this way?
Yes, hunter-gatherers were aware of possible uses for wild crops. The New Guineans were very aware what was edible and what was not.
They didn't use them in this way because they didn't supplement enough and traditions and society intervened. Know about the crops, but they don't know how to farm them at helpful rates.
Why aren't dream crops used today? Why were they considered to be dream crops?
They were high in oil & fats, but they had small seeds and had irritating scents and could cause rash
Why did NG's biota suffer?
1. No cereal crops were domesticated there2. NG fauna lacked any domesicatable large mammal3.
Available root crops lacked protein and calories
How/Why were the Fertile Crescent, NG, and Eastern US different in domesticating crops
NG had few animals and they didn't have the proper flora to do so. The East US had a few better crops, but weren't able to thrive until the Mexican Trinity. The FC did the best with the best cereals and the best climate to work in harmony with the cereals.
