Foundation Of Education

1. According to your text, most teachers come from which racial group? a. Black b. Caucasian c. Hispanic d. Asian

2. The reason that most teachers give for choosing to teach is that they a. had a desire to work with young people. b. had an interest in subject matter. c. looked forward to summer vacations. d. wanted an opportunity for a lifetime of self-growth.

3. Which state/region had the highest average teacher salary during the 2004-2005 school year? a. California b. Florida c. Alaska d. District of Columbia

4. The role of reflection in the teaching profession involves a. a conscious effort. b. self-knowledge. c. reading about/researching aspects of teaching. d. all of the above.

5. Acting as an advocate for students involves all of the following except a. creating a template advocacy plan that can be used in most situations. b. bringing the focus back to what's best for students in all conversations. c. taking an informed stance on issues that affect children. d. supporting families in every way possible.

6. Academic rigor is an important component of facilitating learning because it means a. lesson plans are interesting and exciting. b. the content of what we teach is meaningful and our expectations of that content are demanding. c. the teaching methods we use keep students awake and paying attention. d. our expectations are set at a level that ensures all students will meet the requirements of state testing.

7. Focus on developmental appropriateness and academic rigor falls under the teaching role of a. reflective practitioner. b. advocate for students. c. facilitator of learning. d. decision maker.

8. The most widely used tests for teacher preparation are a. the Praxis series. b. the FTCE. c. the ExCET. d. the TOPT.

9. Traditional paths to teacher preparation generally include a. student teaching. b. general education courses. c. education major courses. d. all of the above

10. Alternative paths to teacher preparation include a. bachelor's degree. b. fifth-year programs. c. master of arts in teaching. d. Teach for America.

11. The criteria for an occupation to be considered a profession includes a. extensive training to enter. b. inclusion of a code of ethics. c. service as the primary product. d. all of the above

12. The characteristic of a full profession that does not tend to describe the teaching profession is: a. provides an essential service that no other group can provide. b. granted higher-than-average financial rewards. c. requires unique knowledge and skills acquired through extensive initial and ongoing study/training. d. identified performance standards guide practice.

13. The following are all examples of professional education associations except a. the NEA. b. the AFT. c. the ASCD. d. All of the above are examples of professional education associations.

14. According to Patricia Phelps, the required commitments for teaching professionalism include all of the following except a. commitment to make students our first priority. b. commitment to quality. c. commitment to perfection. d. commitment to continual growth.

15. Which of the following requires that teachers be highly qualified? a. Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) b. National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) c. National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) d. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB)

16. Which of the following requirement must teachers meet to be considered highly qualified? a. Hold a master's degree b. Hold a teaching license that fully meets state requirements c. Have completed a successful internship d. Be tenured

17. Characteristics of effective teachers as described by students include all of the following except a. they require little or no homework. b. they push students to learn. c. they are willing to help. d. they vary classroom activities.

18. The association that strives to lead and consolidate the efforts of individuals and groups that work to achieve healthy development and constructive education for all young children is the a. NAEYC. b. NMSA. c. ACEI. d. NCTM.

19. Teaching at the middle school level is characterized by all of the following except a. it generally includes teaching students from ages 10-15. b. it seeks to meet the unique needs of young adolescents. c. it generally requires specialized training in middle level studies. d. it requires a master's degree.

20. Comprehensive high schools generally require a. specialized courses in the arts and dance. b. college preparatory courses. c. a rigorous course of study in vocational arts. d. a variety of courses within the four core areas.

21. High school teachers typically teach a. two different content areas. b. variations within one specific content area. c. all four of the content areas. d. a content area as well as an exploratory course.

22. Magnet schools are characterized by which of the following? a. They are private schools. b. They cater to a specific population of students. c. They are created for students from low-income families. d. They are restricted to gifted and/or talented students.

23. According to the text, which term best describes the atmosphere where the learning experiences as well as adult and student behaviors and attitudes influence learning? a. Mission statement b. School culture c. Behavior management plan d. Ethics standards

24. Which of the following groups has an impact on the culture of a school? a. Students b. Parents c. Politicians d. All of the above

25. Which of the following statements best describes the potential for changing a school's culture? a. The school culture can change given time and the desire to change. b. Changing to a positive school culture is easy and most often happens quickly. c. Once a culture is established, it is impossible to change it. d. It is easier for a school's culture to change from negative to positive rather than from positive to negative.

26. Which of the following examples demonstrates teachers who are affecting their schools in a positive way? a. Teachers collaborating on lesson plans and classroom management strategies b. Teachers working with their own students and keeping ideas and beliefs to themselves c. Teachers keeping resources and materials to themselves d. Teachers using the lounge to share stories about specific students and their problems

27. According to the text, which of the following best describes the purpose of public schools? a. Preservation of our democratic way of life b. Competition with foreign countries c. Increase in a pool of workers for the labor force d. Perpetuation of religious ideals

28. Which of the following is a true statement regarding public schools? a. Public schools are more accountable to the government than private schools. b. Public schools may espouse some form of religious affiliation. c. Public schools must enforce entrance requirements such as test scores or proficiency in certain talents and skills. d. None of the above

29. Anna is a talented dancer, and hopes to dance professionally in the future. She is interested in a high school that would provide specialized training for her, while providing the state-mandated graduation requirements. Which of the following would be a reasonable school venue for Anna? a. Alternative school b. Charter school c. Traditional public school d. Magnet school

30. Parental reasons for homeschooling include all of the following except a. concern about environment of other schools. b. dissatisfaction with academic instruction at other schools. c. desire to provide religious or moral instruction. d. All of the above are parental reasons for homeschooling.

31. Regarding private schools in the United States, which of the following statement is true? a. Religious schools are accountable to government agencies. b. Homeschooling provides a specific, one-on-one instructional environment. c. For-profit schools are accountable to the department of education. d. Nonreligious schools may not charge tuition to any student.

32. Which of the following accurately describes school choice? a. Voucher plans can provide students and parents with options for either public or private schools. b. Private schools can refuse vouchers from any student. c. Open enrollment allows students to choose from all the schools within the district without exception. d. All of the above

33. Advocates of school choice believe all of the following except a. choice exacerbates inequities. b. choice better accommodates diversity. c. competition forces low-performing schools to go out of business. d. competition raises the standards, and consequently the performance, of all schools.

34. Mr. Brown is a critic of school choice. With which of the following statements is he most likely to agree? a. Choice leads to the possibility of further segregation. b. Competition gives parents decision-making power to choose for their children. c. All parents will have the ability to take advantage of options and become vocal advocates for their children. d. Mr. Brown is unlikely to agree with any of the statements above.

35. Mr. Johnson is an early childhood educator. Which of the following activities might you see in his classroom? a. Learning through play b. Healthy doses of experimentation c. Discovery learning d. All of the above

36. Ms. Smith teaches in a mixed-age classroom. Her activities allow for self-pacing, and she generally allows her students to act independently and to make choices about their learning activities. Which of the following approaches does Ms. Smith most likely follow? a. High/Scope b. Reggio Emilia c. Montessori d. Head Start

37. Which of the following does not describe kindergarten? a. Most students are 5-6 years old. b. It is mandatory in all 50 states. c. Classes may be offered in either whole- or half-day formats. d. It acts as a bridge between preschool (or no school) and the beginning of formal education.

38. All of the following describe positive reasons to loop EXCEPT a. a consistent relationship develops between teachers and students. b. student learning styles, strengths, weaknesses, interests, behavior patterns, and potential are well known to the teacher. c. the last few weeks of the school year are often used more productively. d. students benefit from a variety of teachers through their schooling years.

39. Ms. Rodriguez teaches high school. Her schedule this year includes Pre-Algebra, Algebra I, Trigonometry, and Geometry. Which of the following structures most closely describes her teaching situation? a. Departmentalized b. Interdisciplinary team c. Cross-curricular panel d. None of the above accurately describes Ms. Rodriguez's situation.

40. Janet is a sixth grader on the Iron Eagles team at her school. She has four core subject area teachers, and she attends classes with a group of about 80 students. Which of the following best describes her situation? a. Janet attends a school that has a departmentalized structure. b. Janet attends a school that uses interdisciplinary teams. c. Janet attends a traditional K-12 public school. d. None of the above accurately describes Janet's situation.

41. Robert is interested in becoming a mechanic after high school. He is not interested in attending a four-year college, and would prefer to leave school prepared for a position in a local garage. Which of the following types of high school would best meet Robert's needs? a. Magnet b. Alternative c. Vocational d. Academic

42. Lana lives in a medium-sized town located on the fringe of Chicago. She has access to some retail stores and services. Which of the principal settings of public schools does Lana most likely attend? a. Rural b. Suburban c. Urban d. None of the above

43. All of the following describe challenges of teaching in urban schools except a. inadequate tax base for funding. b. low socioeconomic status of many families. c. problems associated with low expectations. d. low levels of parental/family education.

44. Ms. Jackson is the administrator at an effective urban middle school. According to the Effective Schools Movement, all of the following tenets will be obvious in her school except a. the principal is an instructional leader who persistently communicates the school mission to staff, students, and parents. b. the school provides a safe and orderly environment for the students. c. parents support the school's mission and have opportunities to play roles in helping to achieve the school's mission. d. the instructional staff focuses primarily on improving standardized test scores.

45. Which of the following best describes the characteristics of an effective school? a. Effective schools are those that meet the learning needs of the students who attend them. b. An effective school is in a suburban setting with children who come to school prepared and ready to learn. c. An effective school is evident by the types of children that attend the school and their socioeconomic status. d. An effective school is one in which the building is new and has numerous resources available.

46. According to Maslow, which of the following is considered a higher-order need? a. Physiological needs b. Safety needs c. Esteem needs d. Aesthetic needs

47. Which of the following characteristics best describes the physical development of middle school students? a. Steady increases in height and weight, dramatic changes in appearance and abilities, and rapid brain growth b. Onset of puberty leading to reproductive maturity, sudden growth spurts, and exhibition of risk-taking behaviors c. Reproductive maturity, large appetite accompanies rapid metabolic rate, and high level of physical risk-taking activities are exhibited d. Coordination increases, dexterity improves, and steady growth in height and weight

48. Janice's physical development is characterized by a steady growth in height and weight and an improvement in dexterity. She is also significantly taller than some of her classmates. Janet is most likely in which childhood stage? a. Early childhood b. Elementary c. Middle school d. High school

49. According to Piaget's model of cognitive development, which of the following statements best describes a child in the concrete operations stage? a. The child is able to make predictions, experience metacognition, and appreciate and use the structure of language. b. The child begins to use symbols as his or her grasp of concepts develops rapidly. c. The child primarily learns through senses as his or her motor capabilities develop. d. The child begins to think logically, and understands the concept of conservation.

50. The level at which a child can almost but not completely grasp a concept or perform a task successfully is called the a. zone of proximal development. b. formal operations stage. c. emotional intelligence quotient. d. social cognition stage.

51. Renae has the capacity for adultlike thought. Her reasoning ability is maturing, and she has the capability for abstract reasoning. Renae is most likely in which stage of childhood? a. Early childhood b. Elementary school c. Middle school d. High school

52. All of the following characteristics describe the cognitive development of middle school students except a. reasoning ability is increasingly more abstract. b. increased ability to solve complex problems. c. often in a state of self-absorption. d. realism plays a more active role in decision making.

53. Jack and Sam are happily playing in the kitchen center at school. They are sharing the same space, but are not communicating. Which of the following types of play are Jack and Sam demonstrating? a. Social cognition b. Associative play c. Cooperative play d. Parallel play

54. Gabriel has a positive, overconfident self-concept. His self-concept is influenced heavily by family and society, and most of his emotional ties are with his family. Gabriel is most likely in which stage of childhood? a. Early childhood b. Elementary c. Middle school d. High School

55. Joshua is capable of empathy towards people he doesn't know. Socially, he tends to group with other boys, and he is increasingly concerned with making and keeping friends. Joshua is most likely in which stage of childhood? a. Early childhood b. Elementary c. Middle school d. High school

56. A strong sense of fairness, a desire to help those less fortunate, and experiencing roller-coaster emotions are all character development characteristics of which of the following childhood stages? a. Early Childhood b. Elementary c. Middle school d. High school

57. Mr. Johnson is the varsity football coach at Carver High School. He believes that girls are too emotional and fragile to play football on his team. Mr. Johnson is engaging in a. gender bias. b. favoritism. c. instrumental aggression. d. gender stereotyping.

58. Miss Crenshaw tends to call on her female students more often than her male students. She also tends to give more positive feedback and praise to her female students. Miss Crenshaw is demonstrating a. gender bias. b. relational aggression. c. instrumental aggression. d. gender stereotyping.

59. The fair and balanced treatment of boys and girls is known as a. gender equity. b. gender bias. c. gender stereotyping. d. gender fairness.

60. The categorization of students according to the physical characteristics they have at birth is called a. culture. b. race. c. ethnicity. d. none of the above.

61. The goals of multicultural education include all of the following except a. the creation of equal opportunities for students of all cultures. b. the assimilation of minority cultures into the majority culture. c. the development of knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to function successfully in a diverse society. d. the promotion of communication and interaction among groups that work for the common good.

62. The delivery of instruction in two languages is called a. multicultural education. b. bilingual education. c. ESL instruction. d. ELL instruction.

63. All of the following describe students from low-SES settings except a. they may enter first grade having been read to about 25 hours, compared to 1,000 hours in middle-class homes. b. they may be physically aggressive. c. they may be organized and determined to complete assignments. d. they very often attend schools with inadequate facilities and less-effective teachers.

64. Tanya is a middle school student. Her strengths include goal setting and self-monitoring. She tends to act as a mediator, and uses self-reflection and self-discipline. According to Gardner, which of the following is most likely Tanya's strongest disposition? a. Musical b. Intrapersonal c. Interpersonal d. Naturalist

65. According to Gardner's theory of learning styles, which of the following best describes the bodily-kinesthetic disposition? a. Sensitivity to sounds, meanings, structures, and styles of language b. Ability to create visually and visualize accurately c. Inclination for activities requiring strength, speed, and flexibility d. Proclivity for identifying and classifying living things and natural objects

66. Jon, an elementary school student, enjoys arts and crafts. He prefers manipulatives when being introduced to a topic, and is able to literally translate events and phenomena. Jon's learning style is probably a. tactile b. auditory c. kinesthetic d. visual

67. Which of the following best defines learning? a. Students' grades and achievement levels b. A step-by-step process that is most often sequential in nature c. A complex and dynamic process involving thinking, perception, experience, and memory d. A stagnant and structured process that is easily understood through brain mapping

68. What kind of change is occurring in the brain during learning? a. Developmental b. Physical c. Emotional d. Mental

69. Which of the following best describes brain-based learning? a. Learning about the parts of the brain and how they function b. An anatomy class that is taken by most high school students c. Assessing students with tests to determine how their brain works d. Looking at learning through the study of the brain and then using what is discovered to guide teaching and learning techniques

70. Curriculum can generally be defined as a. reading, writing, math, social studies, and science. b. everything that students experience in school. c. solely the content of the courses. d. the materials used by students and teachers.

71. Which of the following is part of the formal curriculum? a. What isn't intentionally translated to students but they learn it anyway, such as attitudes or beliefs about something b. Activities sponsored by the school that contribute to school connectedness such as athletic events c. What is explicitly taught, such as the teachers' goals in English or math classes d. Topics considered controversial that may not be taught or included in any specific plans but are present in society

72. Which of the following best describes the four kinds of curricula? a. Related arts, exploratory, core, encore b. Math, language arts, science, social studies c. Null, formal, informal, extracurriuclum d. Content, performance, process, benchmarks

73. Which of the following is not an example of formal curriculum? a. A social studies Webquest about Rome b. A cooperative learning activity about fractions c. An English test d. Dance club

74. Mrs. Jones decides not to include a unit about evolution in her science class because she is concerned that it is too controversial. This is an example of a. null curriculum. b. formal curriculum. c. informal curriculum. d. extracurriuclum.

75. The combining of curriculum and instruction to foster learning is called a. Pedagogy b. Application c. Direct instruction d. Inquiry

76. Mr. Smith asks his eleventh-grade students to read a summary of a court case. He then arranges a debate, assigning students opposing sides of the issue. He asks the students to defend their stance. Which of the following levels of thinking skills is Mr. Smith using in this lesson? a. Comprehension b. Analysis c. Synthesis d. Evaluation

77. A lesson that includes a distinct opening, presentation of information, practice, and teacher feedback is commonly called a. inquiry learning. b. direct instruction. c. interdisciplinary instruction. d. cooperative learning.

78. As part of their team teaching, Mr. Johns, Mrs. Cooper, and Ms. Lincoln present a unit on Ancient Rome. Each teacher focuses on the contributions of the Romans to their subject matter, as well as participates in activities that relate to the topic. This is an example of a. inquiry learning. b. direct instruction. c. interdisciplinary instruction. d. cooperative learning.

79. Varying instruction based on the needs of students is a. problem-based learning. b. differentiation of instruction. c. constructivism. d. questioning.

80. Mr. Hooper divides his seventh-grade social studies into cooperative learning groups. He then asks each group to research a specific Native American tribe. Each group will then be responsible for teaching the class about their tribe. This is an example of which instructional strategy? a. Questioning b. Note taking c. Think-pair-share d. Jigsaw

81. Ms. Hall's social studies class is acting out the battle at Gettysburg. This is an example of which instructional strategy? a. Think-pair-share b. Role-playing c. Direct instruction d. Teacher think-aloud

82. Jason and his classmates play a game of "Around the World" using multiplication flash cards. This is an example of which instructional strategy? a. Class discussion b. Drill and practice c. Questioning d. Graphic organizers

83. Infusing the curriculum with reading and writing is often referred to as a. interdisciplinary teaching. b. reading and writing across the curriculum. c. language arts-based curriculum. d. thematic teaching.

84. In which grade level is there a lack of reading proficiency? a. Early childhood b. Elementary school c. Middle and high school d. None of the above

85. Pre-reading strategies, the meaning of numbers, and other basic concepts are topics most likely taught at which grade level? a. Early childhood b. Elementary school c. Middle school d. High school

86. Ms. Wade uses demonstration of counting, sorting, writing numbers, and choosing correct symbols. She also uses manipulatives heavily in her teaching. Which grade level is Ms. Wade most likely teaching? a. Early childhood b. Middle school c. High school d. None of the above

87. Which of the following teaching strategies is most appropriate for middle school instruction? a. Homework to practice review concepts b. Cooperative grouping to write and report generalizations c. Use of manipulatives to discover concepts d. All of the above

88. What knowledge should teachers possess before choosing instructional strategies for their students? a. Knowledge of content b. Knowledge of instructional strategies c. Knowledge of resources available d. Understanding students, content, and the variety of instructional strategies available

89. Which strategies are effective in all four grade levels (early childhood, elementary, middle, and high school)? a. Read, study, and independent assignments b. Demonstrations, cooperative learning, and think-alouds c. Mini-lectures and note-taking d. Lectures, games for learning, and leading questions

90. Miss Reynosa uses notebooks for facts and reflections, questioning and choral responses, small-group interaction, and games to illustrate concepts. Which grade level is she most likely teaching? a. Early childhood b. Elementary school c. High school

91. Which of the following best demonstrates an understanding of self-knowledge? a. Avoids or overcomes misunderstandings and simplistic views b. Extends knowledge in novel, effective ways c. Regularly reflects on one's learning and experiences d. Recognizes insightful views, even if flawed

92. According to Wiggins and McTighe, how should teachers prioritize content when preparing to teach? a. Important to know and do, big ideas and core tasks, worth being familiar with b. Big ideas and core tasks, important to know and do, worth being familiar with c. Worth being familiar with, big ideas and core tasks, important to know and do d. Worth being familiar with, important to know and do, big ideas and core tasks

93. James is able to extend knowledge in novel, effective ways. He can also use knowledge in context and can see and explain the worth of an idea. James is a student who really understands how to a. apply. b. explain. c. demonstrate empathy. d. reveal self-knowledge.

94. Which of the following is not one of the four purposes of assessment, according to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM)? a. Monitoring student progress b. Making instructional decisions c. Evaluating students' achievement d. Meeting NCLB requirements

95. Mr. Gomez teaches middle school mathematics. Before beginning a unit of study, he gives his students a pretest. Which form of assessment is Mr. Gomez using? a. Formative b. Diagnostic c. Summative d. None of the above

96. Effective monitoring of student progress during an instructional unit is an important component of which type of assessment? a. Formative b. Diagnostic c. Summative d. All of the above

97. Which of the following best describes a summative assessment? a. A spelling pretest b. An informal oral quiz in the middle of a reading unit c. A social studies post-test d. All of the above

98. Which of the following best describes the forced-choice form of assessment? a. An informal teacher interview b. A mini-essay written by a student c. A post-unit assessment conference between student and teacher d. An objectively scored matching exam

99. Which of the following does not describe a purpose of portfolios? a. A compilation of all the work a student does over a period of time b. A formal assessment tool used to objectively demonstrate mastery of content standards c. A selected collection of work intended to show growth over time d. A display tool for work samples chosen by the teacher, the student, or both to showcase the student's best work

100. Which of the following does not describe a purpose of rubrics? a. Rubrics provide less paperwork and require less effort for teachers. b. Rubrics provide clear expectations for students about what is expected on a given task or assessment. c. Rubrics allow teachers to differentiate consistently among performance levels. d. Rubrics provide guidelines for student improvement.

101. Which type of rubric uses a single scale for an entire project? a. Holistic rubric b. Generic rubric c. Analytic rubric d. None of the above

102. An assessment that measures what it is intended to measure is a. reliable. b. valid. c. accurate. d. strong.

103. Mrs. Jackson uses grades as a way to inform parents about student achievement. Which purpose of grading does Mrs. Jackson use? a. Instructional b. Communication c. Administrative d. Guidance

104. Which of the following best describes administrative reasons for grading? a. Promotion, graduation, honors, eligibility b. Clarify learning goals, pinpoint strengths and weaknesses, motivate c. Inform students and parents about achievement d. Help students and parents determine educational and vocational goals

105. Which of the following characteristics describes a standardized test? a. Given to small samples of students b. Administered only once in a student's academic career c. Designed for students at multiple grade levels d. Typically repeated annually

106. All of the following describe purposes of the TIMSS except a. provides a basis for state-to-state comparisons. b. provides achievement data to show trends in performance over time. c. fosters public accountability. d. allows achievement comparisons among countries

107. The results of the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) are reported by all of the following except a. race. b. grade level. c. state. d. school.

108. All of the following are benefits of standardized testing except a. Pressure from high-stakes tests can undermine productivity. b. Many tests align with acknowledged learning goals and measure progress toward those goals. c. Comparisons can be made and resources allotted where they are most needed. d. Tests provide accountability for schools and teachers.

109. Mr. Huey is concerned that he will have to "teach to the test" and will not have the opportunity to present his students with hands-on learning experiences. With which drawback of standardized testing is Mr. Huey most concerned? a. Standardized testing often reduces the curriculum. b. Standardized testing results are often misused. c. Standardized test-taking skills have an undetermined effect on raising scores. d. Standardized testing doesn't measure important concepts such as cooperation and flexibility.

110. Teachers can use standardized testing preparation in beneficial ways by a. assigning drill-and-practice homework problems. b. encouraging positive attitudes in colleagues and students. c. focusing on the importance of test results. d. all of the above.

111. All of the following groups are accountable for student learning except a. students. b. parents and families. c. local school districts and school boards. d. All of the above are accountable for student learning.

112. Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) data are kept by all of the following except a. race. b. socioeconomic status. c. gender. d. grade level.

113. Mr. Fererra plans the school year using a document that dictates the timing of content coverage. He is most likely using a a. course calendar. b. unit guide. c. lesson plan. d. pacing guide.

114. Positive ways to "teach to the test" include all of the following EXCEPT a. emphasizing particular content and limiting exposure to untested subjects. b. providing practice for the test-day environment. c. teaching students to compose succinct answer to prompts. d. giving practice tests and materials to students. d. None of the above

115. Which of the following statements best describes the Puritans' view of education? a. The goal of education was to develop a well-rounded and well-adjusted child. b. Curriculum should reflect a diversity of world religions and philosophies. c. Memorization of Scripture and the practice of biblical principles were more important than academic subjects. d. All of the above

116. All of the following are true about the first colonial schools except a. they were established for religious purposes. b. they helped secular aspects of society develop and prosper. c. they were equally attended by girls and boys. d. they provided students with the skills necessary to participate in commerce.

117. Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's influence on early American education? a. Education is necessary for religious instruction and should include vocational training. b. Learning must come through the senses, and a general body of knowledge should be possessed by all. c. Education should advance scientific inquiry. d. Education should focus on the liberal arts and on the classics.

118. The goal of education is to promote the development of reason and morality that will enable men to participate in the governing process. This statement most closely describes the beliefs of a. Bacon. b. Comenious. c. Calvin. d. Locke.

119. All of the following describe dame schools except a. students were educated within their own homes. b. teachers were respected women with little or no formal education. c. classes were held in the teacher's home. d. parents paid the teacher to have their children educated.

120. All of the following describe Latin grammar schools except a. parents paid tuition to send their children. b. students learned higher levels of reading, writing, arithmetic, and classical literature. c. they were the forerunners of modern high schools. d. entrance was granted equally to both girls and boys.

121. The first compulsory education law in the New World was the a. Northwest Ordinance of 1787. b. Kalamazoo Act of 1874. c. Massachusetts Act of 1642. d. Morrill Act of 1862.

122. All of the following describe the Old Deluder Satan Act except a. it was another name for the Massachusetts Act of 1642. b. it established that every town of 50 or more households must provide a school. c. no funding was attached to the act. d. it helped improve the literacy rate of the New England colonies.

123. Which of the following was included in the New England Primer? a. A spelling guide based on the alphabet b. The Lord's Prayer c. The Ten Commandments d. All of the above

124. All of the following describe the Franklin Academy except a. astronomy classes. b. instruction offered in Latin. c. student choice in course selection. d. navigation courses.

125. Town schools were created to a. perpetuate religious teachings within communities. b. afford equal educational opportunities for both girls and boys. c. provide education to entire communities. d. give slaves the opportunity to learn to read and write.

126. The "Schoolmaster of the Republic" who published the American Spelling Book was a. Thomas Jefferson. b. Horace Mann. c. Benjamin Franklin. d. Noah Webster.

127. Which of the following legislative acts divided federally owned wilderness land into townships and required the building of schools? a. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 b. Kalamazoo Act of 1874 c. Massachusetts Act of 1642 d. Morrill Act of 1862

128. All of the following are objections to the idea of common schools except a. free schools mean fewer private school students. b. they decreased the workforce of children who opted for school instead of jobs. c. they provide avenues for social and economic mobility. d. concerns that an overeducated citizenry might question authority.

129. The beginning of public high school was marked by the opening of the a. Beecher Normal School in 1867. b. English Classical School in 1821. c. Troy Female Seminary in 1821. d. Gallaudet School in 1817.

130. All of the following are educators who made a significant impact on the field of early childhood education except a. Samuel Howe. b. Johann Pestalozzi. c. Friedrich Froebel. d. Maria Montessori.

131. Which of the following phrases best describes the purpose of normal schools? a. To provide innovative educational opportunities for students with disabilities b. To provide formal schooling for Native American students living on reservations c. To provide formal training for teachers d. To provide community-supported education for elementary school children

132. Prudence Crandall was best known for her work with a. physically disabled children. b. deaf and blind children. c. Native American children. d. African American children.

133. The purpose of the Black Codes was to a. give specific voting guidelines for slaves. b. prohibit the education of slaves. c. limit access to public libraries for slaves. d. all of the above.

134. All of the following are basic principles of progressive education except a. education is life, not just preparation for life. b. core subjects should be emphasized c. learning should be directly related to the interests of the child. d. cooperation among students should be emphasized more than competition.

135. Which of the following educators established a school in Florida to train female African American teachers? a. W. E. B. DuBois b. Booker T. Washington c. Mary McLeod Bethune d. John Dewey

136. The legislative act that called for strengthening of science, math, and foreign language programs was the a. Sputnik Education Initiative of 1956. b. Vocational Education Act of 1963. c. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. d. National Defense Education Act of 1958.

137. Brown v. Board of Education was a court ruling that a. declared that segregating children based solely on race was wrong and illegal. b. required schools to provide remedial instruction for students with disabilities. c. instituted compulsory education for all students. d. none of the above.

138. Which of the following legislative acts withheld federal funds from schools that discriminated against students based on race, color, or national origin? a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Vocational Education Act of 1963 c. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 d. Bilingual Education Act of 1968

139. All of the following resulted from the publication of A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform except a. renewed attention to education. b. new proposals for reform and improvement. c. introduction of restructuring, including year-round schools, longer school days, and longer school years. d. All of the above resulted from the publication of the report.

140. Which of the following best defines philosophy? a. "Love of wisdom" b. a means of answering fundamental questions c. A vibrant way of discovering and expressing ways of being and acting d. All of the above

141. A teacher's philosophy is all of the following except a. the teacher's love of wisdom regarding teaching. b. an expression of attitudes and actions every day in the classroom. c. a static document that never changes. d. a fluid statement that changes and grows with experience.

142. All of the following are questions that relate to metaphysics except a. Are people born either good or evil? b. Does reality change, making the search for truth meaningless? c. What is truth? d. Does life have a purpose?

143. Mr. Jackson attempts to inspire his students to look to the future and find reasons for studying and learning. This is an example of a. metaphysics in the classroom. b. epistemology in the classroom. c. axiology in the classroom. d. logic in the classroom.

144. Which of the following questions best relates to epistemology? a. What is valuable? b. What is beautiful? c. What is the meaning of life? d. What are the limits of knowledge?

145. Learning to use higher-order thinking skills and moving through Bloom's taxonomy are examples of a. metaphysics in the classroom. b. epistemology in the classroom. c. axiology in the classroom. d. logic in the classroom.

146. The determination of what's right and what's wrong is called a. aesthetics. b. ethics. c. logic. d. induction.

147. Ms. Thomas teaches her students how to treat one another and how to respect each other's property. Which of the branches of philosophy does Ms. Thomas demonstrate? a. Metaphysics b. Epistemology c. Axiology d. Logic

148. In Mr. Breamer's art class, eleventh-graders determine what is beautiful and artistic. Which of the branches of philosophy does this demonstrate? a. Metaphysics b. Epistemology c. Axiology d. Logic

149. All of the following questions relate to axiology except a. What is valuable? b. What is just and unjust? c. How do we acquire knowledge? d. What is the quality of an artistic expression?

150. Logic is used in all of the following except a. thinking to understand a situation. b. solving a problem. c. drawing a conclusion. d. defining reality.

151. Which of the following questions relates to logic? a. What is reality? b. Is an idea or conclusion valid? c. What is beauty? d. What is truth?

152. Ms. Kramer looks outside her classroom window and notes that the day is sunny and dry. She decides to take her students outside for recess, giving them an opportunity to use their energy. Which type of logic does Ms. Kramer use? a. Aesthetic b. Inductive c. Deductive d. None of the above

153. All of the following are student-centered approaches to teaching except a. progressivism. b. essentialism. c. social reconstructionism. d. existentialism.

154. Which of the following approaches to teaching is considered teacher-centered? a. Progressivism b. Existentialism c. Perennialism d. Social reconstructionism

155. Which of the following describe Maria Montessori's beliefs about early childhood education? a. Children are capable of integrating aspects of the world around them through the use of their senses. b. Children ages 3-6 are the ideal participants in her methods. c. Environments should be carefully constructed to allow children to sense their learning with materials. d. All of the above

156. At Carver Middle School, rules are paramount and are taken very seriously. The curriculum focuses on a traditional core of classes, and the teachers focus heavily on standards and testing. Which philosophy of education is being demonstrated at Carver Middle School? a. Perennialism b. Progressivism c. Essentialism d. Existentialism

157. The writings of Homer, Shakespeare, Melville, and Einstein are an essential component of curriculum in which philosophy of education? a. Perennialism b. Progressivism c. Essentialism d. Existentialism

158. All of the following are beliefs of progressivists except a. teachers are facilitators and coaches. b. students are unique, active, and self-motivated. c. the learning environment should be safe for risk-taking and it should be stimulating. d. the curriculum should be unchanging with no choices or electives.

159. All of the following are basic principles of social reconstructionism except a. teachers should instill a sense of responsibility for humanity. b. students should be involved in social issues. c. instruction should be self-paced. d. curriculum should emphasize equity.

160. Which of the following educators established Summerhill School in England that emphasized learning by discovery? a. Maxine Greene b. A. S. Neill c. Paulo Friere d. John Dewey

161. All of the following educators were major proponents of social reconstructionism except a. George Counts. b. Maxine Greene. c. Paulo Friere. d. Ivan Illich.

162. Ms. Peterson believes that teachers should promote individual learning and should teach the whole child. She also believes that knowledge leads to self-discovery and that instruction should include alternatives and choices, and should require decision making. Ms. Peterson is most likely a(n) a. perennialist. b. progressivist. c. existentialist. d. social reconstructionist.

163. The philosophy based on the belief that ideas are the only reliable form of reality is a. romanticism. b. idealism. c. postmodernism. d. existentialism.

164. Proponents of romanticism believe all of the following except a. the needs of the individual are more important than the needs of society. b. there should be a balance of power among all people c. young children are born good, pure, and full of curiosity. d. children should be validated with opportunities to explore and manipulate elements of their environment.

165. According to James Garbarino, all of the following are toxins facing our children except a. poverty. b. ethnicity. c. discrimination. d. dysfunctional families.

166. All of the following are ways that students are different except a. gender. b. culture. c. ethnicity. d. all of the above are ways that students are different.

167. According to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, approximately how many children were victims of abuse in 2005? a. 100,000 b. 300,000 c. 900,000 d. Over 2 million

168. All of the following are signs of physical abuse except a. the child encourages interaction with adults. b. the child has unexplained burns, bites, bruises, broken bones, or black eyes. c. the child seems frightened of the parents and protests or cries when it is time to go home. d. the child reports an injury by a parent or another adult caregiver.

169. Members of a student's community include a. those who live within a specific geographic location. b. those with whom students may come in contact through everyday activities. c. the neighborhood, town, city, or county in which a student lives. d. all of the above.

170. All of the following are strategies for teaching economically struggling students except a. assume that all students can learn complex and creative material. b. find ways to provide the necessities and a place to wash clothes. c. ask students to do jobs for you to help them feel important and in control of something in their lives. d. all of the above are strategies for teaching economically struggling students.

171. All of the following are examples of discrimination except a. silence surrounding the topic of race. b. low expectations. c. giving children opportunities to explore their own identities. d. refusal to allow students of a particular race to participate in an activity.

172. All of the following are steps to confronting racism except a. exploring the issue of racism intellectually. b. engaging in dialogue about racism. c. immersing yourself in other cultures. d. remaining silent in an effort not to offend students.

173. Data shows that substance abuse has increased for all of the following except a. sedatives. b. OxyContin. c. inhalants. d. alcohol. a. 75%

174. Overall, the statistics show that the level of substance abuse in children and teenagers is a. declining rapidly. b. declining slightly or remaining steady. c. rising slightly. d. rising rapidly.

175. Since 1960, the teen birth rate has a. continually declined. b. stayed the same. c. increased slightly. d. increased dramatically.

176. All of the following are steps that teachers and schools can take to combat sexuality-related concerns except a. remaining silent on the issue to avoid offending students. b. providing health education courses that include open and honest information concerning matters of sexuality. c. teaching refusal skills. d. treating all students with respect in the classroom.

177. The Child Nutrition Reauthorization Act of 2004 mandated that schools participating in the federal school meal program should develop wellness policies focusing on all of the following except a. what children and adolescents eat at home. b. what children and adolescents eat at school. c. how physically active students are in school. d. providing in-school health and nutrition education.

178. Since 1990, the rate of teen suicide has a. decreased by 25%. b. remained the same. c. increased by 10%. d. increased by 25%.

179. All of the following are factors for attempted suicide in youth except a. depression. b. substance abuse. c. periods of incarceration. d. teen marriage.

180. All of the following are examples of bullying except a. relationally aggressive behavior. b. exclusion from a group. c. disagreeing with a classmate. d. rumor spreading.

181. Which legislative act requires schools that receive federal funding to actively prevent bullying and to respond to all instances of it? a. National Violence Protection Act of 2002 b. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 2004 c. Education for All Children Act of 2000 d. Safe and Drug Free Schools Act of 2004

182. Which of the following is the most common form of violence in schools? a. Theft b. Aggravated assault c. Rape d. Physical fights

183. Nonattendance of compulsory education is called a. dropping out. b. zero tolerance. c. truancy. d. none of the above.

184. Which of the following statements is true concerning the consequences of dropping out? a. Nearly half of the dropouts ages 16-24 are unemployed. b. High school dropouts earn $9200 less per year than high school graduates. c. Dropouts constitute a disproportionate percentage of all prisoners and of prisoners on death row. d. All of the above are true.

185. The difference (or similarity) between laws and ethics is a. laws tell us what we should and shouldn't do, while ethics tell us what we can and can't do. b. ethics tell us what we should and shouldn't do, while laws tell us what we can and can't do. c. both laws and ethics tell us what we can and can't do, but not what we should or shouldn't do. d. neither laws nor ethics tell us what we can and can't do, but they do tell us what we should or shouldn't do.

186. An ethical teacher a. is guided by a set of beliefs that lead to attitudes and actions focused on what's best for students. b. takes the high road. c. behaves professionally in the midst of big issues and in everyday decision making. d. all of the above

187. Mr. Smith has a strong ability to put himself mentally in the place of others in order to appreciate a variety of perspectives. Which characteristic of ethical decisions is he demonstrating? a. Appreciation for moral deliberation b. Empathy c. Knowledge d. Interpersonal skills

188. Ethical teachers shall do all of the following except a. put standardized test scores ahead of other considerations. b. involve families often and positively. c. create and maintain a productive learning environment. d. diversify instruction to address student differences.

189. The First Amendment to the Constitution guarantees all of the following except a. the right of due process. b. freedom of speech. c. freedom of religion. d. prohibits government advancement of religion.

190. Which amendment to the Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable search and seizure? a. First b. Fourth c. Fourteenth d. Seventeenth

191. Job security and the right to be heard if charges are made are rights of teachers protected under which amendment? a. First b. Fourth c. Fourteenth d. Seventeenth

192. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 requires schools to a. publish individual student scores on standardized tests. b. fire teachers in low-performing classrooms. c. rate teachers and classrooms based on standardized test scores. d. establish curricular standards.

193. Issues that are addressed by state and local laws and policies include all of the following except a. freedom of speech. b. curriculum standards. c. assessment mandates. d. guidelines for teacher certification.

194. The policy of courts to use preceding court decisions in deciding future cases of a similar nature is called a. quid pro quo. b. tort. c. habeas corpus. d. case law.

195. Teaching contracts typically include all of the following except a. salary. b. recent test scores. c. description of the position. d. offer of employment.

196. Continuing contract status is known as a. tenure. b. contractual longevity. c. due process. d. reduction in force.

197. Teachers may be dismissed from their positions for all of the following except a. insubordination. b. neglect of duty. c. having a homosexual relationship with another adult. d. causing or encouraging disruptions.

198. A reduction in force may be caused by a. lower student numbers. b. budget cuts. c. program cancellation. d. all of the above.

199. The procedures of due process generally require all of the following except a. the teacher must be notified of the proposed changes. b. the teacher must be given a severance package. c. the teacher must be given reasonable time to examine evidence. d. the teacher must be provided with a hearing before an impartial jury, panel, and/or judge.

200. Formal complaints against a district are called a. habeas corpus. b. grievances. c. due process. d. breach of contract.

201. Which of the following court cases deals with freedom of expression? a. Brown v. Board of Education b. Pickering v. Board of Education c. Murray v. Pittsburgh Board of Education d. Eckmann v. Board of Education

202. Which of the following scenarios best describes Murray v. Pittsburgh Board of Education? a. Teacher kept job after publicly criticizing school board. b. Teacher may not use instructional strategy considered unorthodox by school board. c. Teacher uses role-play to teach about racial relations. d. Teacher fired for encouraging others to lie.

203. Teachers can be dismissed by a school district for all of the following except a. having sexual relations with a student. b. having a child out of wedlock. c. allowing students to drink alcohol. d. encouraging students to be dishonest.

204. For a school employee to be considered liable for something, which of the following must be proven to be present? a. The person has a legal duty to protect students. b. The person fails to act within reason and provide the appropriate standard of care. c. There is a causal connection between the person's conduct and the result of the injury. d. All of the above

205. A work is considered in the public domain if it a. is located on a website. b. is more than 75 years old or published by a government agency. c. has no author listed. d. none of the above

206. The rights of students to wear armbands to protest the Vietnam War was upheld in a. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. b. Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education. c. Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier. d. Goss v. Lopez.

207. According to an AAUW survey, what percent of eighth- to eleventh-grade students experienced sexual harassment? a. Under 25% b. 30% c. 50% d. 80%

208. A student's right of nonparticipation applies to all of the following except a. students may refuse to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. b. students may refuse to complete standardized testing if they object to the content. c. students may refuse to dance, even when it is part of the physical education curriculum. d. students may opt out of certain courses if they and their parents object to content.

209. Which of the following legislative acts allows parents and guardians access to their students' academic records and requires written parental permission for the records to be shared with anyone else? a. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 b. The Disclosure of Public Records Act of 1997 c. The Youth Options Program Act of 2003 d. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974

210. Which of the following best describes the organization and governance of public schools in America? a. School→—> school district→—> state government→—> federal government b. Federal government→—> state government→—> school district→—> school c. School district→—> school→—> state government→—> federal government d. State government→—> school district→—> school→—> federal government

211. Which of the following Congressional acts was passed to provide veterans with college tuition, room, and board? a. Bilingual Education Act b. Serviceman's Readjustment Act c. Higher Education Act d. No Child Left Behind Act

212. The person responsible for appointing the state's chief education officer as well as members of the state board of education is the a. president. b. secretary of education. c. governor. d. state director of instruction.

213. Responsibilities of state legislators include all of the following except a. enacting state laws that affect every aspect of public education. b. determining curriculum standards and accountability. c. identifying the responsibilities of state-level school officials. d. dictating the length of the school day and year.

214. State boards of education a. establish the standards by which schools are accredited. b. decide how much money will be spent on teacher salaries, facilities improvement, and instructional material. c. hire and fire both professional and classified personnel at the school level. d. determine how taxes are used to support schools.

215. A state department of education operates under the guidance of the a. governor. b. legislature. c. state board of education. d. all of the above

216. The person in charge of the bureaucracy that is usually centralized in the state's capital city, and travels throughout the state as the acknowledged authority on how schools operate is the a. governor. b. secretary of education. c. state superintendent. d. district superintendent.

217. The state department of education addresses all of the following except a. teacher certification or licensure. b. how state chief officers of education and state board members are selected. c. special education. d. school levels.

218. Mr. Parsons and Ms. Beck are interested in starting a new charter school. To which organization should they go for approval? a. State governor b. State legislature c. State department of education d. Local school district

219. The Dale County school district includes four elementary schools that move into two middle schools, and then onto Dale County High School. This is an example of a a. feeder system. b. top-down hierarchy. c. web system. d. matrix system.

220. The institution that generally consists of volunteer members who set policies for the operation of schools is the a. district school board. b. state department of education. c. local governance association. d. Parent Teacher Association.

221. In Coffee County, voters may vote for any school board candidate regardless of the area in the district the candidate represents. This is an example of a. a single-member election. b. an at-large election. c. an open race. d. none of the above

222. District school board responsibilities include all of the following except a. making decisions about how state funds are used. b. hiring and firing personnel, both professional and classified. c. approving and evaluating programs that may affect some or all schools, teachers, and students within a district. d. determining organizational policy.

223. The school district's chief executive officer is a. the superintendent. b. the district secretary. c. the district principal. d. the none of the above.

224. All of the following are true about principals except a. they are expected to both advise the school board and carry out board policies. b. their role involves facility maintenance. c. they are responsible for parent and community relationships. d. they are instructional leaders with knowledge of and experience with the teaching and learning process.

225. Ms. Thomas is the principal of Howard Middle School. She is interested in instituting site-based management at her school. Which of the following would not be a strategy that Ms. Thomas would use in her school? a. Dictate rules and policies without a collaborative effort. b. Develop a shared vision based on community values. c. Insist that students' learning is at the center of the conversation. d. Work with all participants to implement community decisions.

226. All of the following are examples of categorical grants except a. No Child Left Behind Act. b. Head Start. c. Title I. d. Bilingual Education Act.

227. State money for schools is raised through a. state income taxes based on personal earnings. b. state corporate taxes based on company earnings. c. state sales tax added as a percentage of the cost of goods and services. d. all of the above.

228. The primary source of local funding for schools is a. bond referendums. b. lease-purchase options. c. property taxes. d. private donations.

229. The average amount of money spent from federal, state, and local sources on an individual student is called a. the cost of learning ratio. b. the expenditure per pupil. c. the student learning proportion. d. none of the above.

230. Since 1995, the national average expenditure per pupil has a. steadily decreased. b. remained about the same. c. continually increased. d. There is not enough data to make a determination.