Final for Sociology

The statement that "culture is the complex whole" was made by:

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society?"

What is the term for the ways of thinking, ways of acting, and material objects that together form a people's way of life?

Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called:

What researchers employing (blank) methods do is collect data from written reports, newspaper articles, journals, transcripts, television programs, diaries, artwork, and other artifacts hat date tot he period they want to study

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called

The functions of schooling include

Knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings is known as:

An internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings, regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before is known as:

behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status is known as

the social sciences, including sociology, make the claim that

Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the (blank) in the (blank)

the concept "sociology" was coined in 1838 by

According to the text, we might define (blank) as any formats or vehicles that carry, present or communicate information

Most of today's sociologists agree with Auguste Comte's claim that

Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life?

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the

Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?

Cars, computers, and iPhones are all examples of which of the following?

Which of the following is an important element of nonverbal communication

Which of the following would be the focus of a social-conflict analysis of sports

a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions is known as

who coined the term sociological imagination

Shawna is an excellent artist, but as a mother she feels that she cannot work and devote enough time to her family. She is experiencing

unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations

When Charles Horton Cooley used the concept of the "looking-glass self," he claimed that

Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life . . . in other words, not being able to make sense of your surroundings is known as

A framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is known as:

Family is important to the socialization process because

(blank) refers to ties that reinforced through indirect paths within a social network

Cultural transmission refers to the process of

Which of the following examples illustrates a micro-level focus?

W.E.B. Du Bois described African Americans as having a "double consciousness" because

When speaking about the social-conflict approach, Karl Marx argued that the point of studying society should be

From a historical perspective, the importance of the mass media to the socialization process has

A ________________ is anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture.

________________ refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.

_____________________ refers to how many rules guide your daily life and what you can reasonably expect from the world on a day-to-day basis.

All of the statuses a person holds at any given time is known as:

A theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture is known as:

The surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy is known as:

Which pioneering sociologist founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

Humor is produced by:

A scientific approach to knowledge based on "positive" facts as opposed to mere speculation is known as:

The view advanced by Erving Goffman of social life as essentially a theatrical performance in which we are all actors is known as:

Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?

As part of human culture, religion is an example of:

__________ are rules about everyday, casual living; __________ are rules with great moral significance.

A complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time, also defined in a narrow sense as any institution in a society that works to shape the behavior of the groups or people within it is known as a

Which sociological perspective claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behavior?

crime differs from deviance in that crime

a temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a

which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?

(blank) was known as the first lady of management

(blank) had what many referred to as a humanizing influence on management

(blank) was known as the mother of conflict resolution

the U.S. department of justice has determined that a (blank) crime is organized criminal activity across one or more national borders

what is the sociological term coined by Irving Janis for a limited understanding of some issue resulting from group conformity

the argument that some organizational researchers make that women bring special management skills that actually strengthen an organization is known as

men are arrested (blank) as often as women for property crimes

in Marx's view, social stratification is rooted in

the concept feminization of poverty refers to the fact that in the US

which type of social group commands a member's esteem and loyalty

according to the text, in general terms, the concept of due process means that anyone charged with a crime must receive all but one of the following

according to the ancient Greek philosopher (blank) every culture considers some type of inequality fair

a business supplying illegal goods or services is known as

crimes against the person are known as

the attempt by society to regulate people's thought and behavior is known as

which of the following statements illustrates the medicalization of deviance

in Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them

Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a shock generator showed

relative poverty is

(blank) is closely related to social standing

the concept of mcdonaldization of society refers to

social stratification based on personal merit is known as

which of the following is the best example of a primary group

by world standards, the U.S. crime rate is

while some deviance may be necessary for a society to function (blank) argued that too much deviance results from particular social arrangements

According to the text, one important dimension of economic inequality is

work involving mostly mental activity is called

A statistical technique called "individual fixed effects" is sometimes used in the social sciences. This technique involves:

Your text defines poverty as a condition of deprivation due to:

Which of the following is a practice that supports the culture of poverty argument?

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many blacks moved north to escape Jim Crow laws in

Asians have been applauded for their smooth assimilation and are referred to as:

The study of gender is basically the study of how two spheres shape each other. What are the two spheres?

Which theoretical perspective assumed that every society had certain structures that existed to fulfill some set of necessary functions?

Alfred Kinsey's 1948 study, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is important because:

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits?

Which nation has one of the highest poverty rates in the advanced world?

One of the explanations of continued racism in America is:

According to the underclass thesis, the poor are:

Surgeons today recommend prompt surgery to make intersex children conform to an ideal of normal genitalia. About 90 percent of these surgeries

A lot of people who are eligible for food stamps in the United States don't apply for them. Why?

What was one of the major outcomes of Clinton's 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act?

Which term describes the measurement of poverty where a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members?

Inappropriate jokes on the job and sexual bartering are both examples of:

Jobs that have been feminized, such as teaching or secretarial work, are also referred to as:

Although women now outnumber men in terms of college enrollment, men still dominate which fields?

Until 1973, the American Psychiatric Association and the American Psychological Association listed homosexuality as:

In cultures where scant resources are available, homosexuality is practical because:

Patricia Hill Collins claims that gender intersects with race, class, nationality, and religion. Which group has made the case that early liberal feminism was largely by, about, and for white middle-class women?

Which of the following situations provides an example of how the social categories of gender influence the biology of sex?

The basic idea behind feminism is that women and men should be:

As defined by C. Wright Mills, which of the following "enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society?

How does the textbook author use the dialogue from Pulp Fiction, in which the characters discuss how in Holland people put mayonnaise on their french fries?

Sociologists and economists have shown that the benefits of higher education include higher median incomes for college graduates. This is known as:

In today's society, Randall Collins might suggest that getting a "piece of paper" is more important to many than actually having the knowledge to do a job. He calls the priority placed on formal education:

A family, as a group of people living together sharing individual stories, make up a(n):

Which of the following sociologists developed the theory of positivism?

Which of the following lists the individuals known as "the founding fathers of the sociological discipline"?

Which of the following sociologists wrote Suicide in 1897?

Which of the following was the first African American to receive a PhD from Harvard University?

In contrast to functionalism, which modern sociological theory borrows from Marx's belief that competition, not consensus, is the essential cause of social change?

In the "nature versus nurture" argument regarding socialization, the "nurture" component refers to ________.

What concept do sociologists refer to when they say that "society makes us human"?

The author of the text notes that ____________________ said because we are all actors with roles, the __________________ theory argues that we also need scripts, costumes, and sets.

According to the text, the socialization that occurs within the ______________ can be affected by various demographics.

The way in which we are socialized as adults is known as _____________________

Charles Horton Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as

What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?

The concept "bureaucracy" refers to

The concept "McDonaldization" of society refers to

Max Weber noted many traits of bureaucracy. Which of the following list is NOT one of them?

Formal organizations are

In general, which of the following categories of people are "well connected" in terms of social networks?

Which of the following concepts refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions?

Stanley Milgram's research, in which subjects used a "shock generator," showed

Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed that

the basic idea behind labeling theory is that

Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"?

Which of the following concepts refers to "the recognized violation of cultural norms"?

Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer

Both Albert Cohen and Walter Miller argue that deviance is MOST likely to arise among

Cloward and Ohlin extended Merton's theory of deviance, stating that crime

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

The concept of due process refers to

The concept criminal recidivism refers to

Read the following four statements about the social foundations of deviance. Select the one statement that is FALSE.

Using the sociological perspective, we see that social stratification

The concept of structural social mobility refers to

According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves

The concept "conspicuous consumption" refers to

The wealthiest 1 percent of U.S. families (the "super-rich") controls about _____ percent of the nation's privately held wealth.

Looking around the world today, income inequality is greatest in which of the following regions?

Who coined the concept "survival of the fittest"?

The concept "meritocracy" refers to social stratification

Comparing societies in history and around the world, we see that social stratification may be universal, but ______________ varies from one society to another.