Gender
The way society creates, patterns, and rewards our understandings of femininity and masculinity, or the process by which certain behaviors and performances are ascribed to "women" and "men".Gender is culturally and historically changeable. Page 116.
Social and Economic Arrangements of Globalization
Includes economic and political expansion, militarism and colonial conquest and settlement, disruption/appropriation of indigenous peoples and resources, and the exportation of ideas through world markets. Helps shape global gender arrangements and transforms gender relations. Page 117.
Performativity
Performativity is how we "do" gender, such as walking, speaking, or sitting in a certain way. These actions are shapes by discourses or regimes of truth. Performativity is constrained by social norms.
Page 117.
How is the relationship between biology and culture more complicated than the assertion that sex is biological and gender is a social interpretation of sex?
1) There is greater gender diversity in nature than one once thought. Many species are not just male or female.2) While biology may imply some basic physiological "facts", cultures give meaning to these in such a way that we must question where biology can exists without the society that gives it meaning. Page 117.
Intersex
When one has a reproductive or sexual anatomies that do not seem to fit the typical binary definitions of "female" or "male". Page 118.
Gender Assignment
Usually given at birth and determine by our physical body type to be male or female. Page 119.
Gender Identity
Concerns how one feels internally about one's own gender. May or may not match one's assigned gender given at birth.
Page 119.
Gender Expression
How we preform and express gender to those around us. Page 119.
What are stereotypical qualities of "femininity"?
Passive, dependent, intuitive, emotional.
Page 119.
What are stereotypical qualities of "masculinity"?
Strong, independent, in control, out of touch emotionally. Page 119.
Gender Acquisition
A process in which we practice the performative aspects of gender and learn "appropriate" thinking and behaviors associated with our assignments as girls and boys.
Page 119.
Transsexual
Used to describe transgendered people who believe they are born wit the bodies of the wrong sex and who desire chemical or surgical altering in the form of hormone therapies or sex reassignment surgeries. Pages 120-121.
Androgyny
Defined as a lack of gender differentiation or a balanced mixture of recognizable feminine and masculine traits.Page 122.
Genderqueer
Combines alternative gender identity and sexuality, although you may see is used to imply someone who is transgendered without concern for sexual identity.
Generally, it described someone who is a nonconformist in challenging existing constructions and identities. Page 122.
Machoism
Breaking rules, sexual potency contextualized in the blending of sex and violence, and the contempt for women (misogyny). Page 125.
Provider role
Associated with masculinity.
Composed of ambition, confidence, competence, ad strength. Page 126.
Four Dictates of Masculinity
1) No "sissy" stuff, the rejection of femininity. 2) The "big wheel", ambition and the pursuit of success, fame, and wealth. 3) The "sturdy oak", confidence, competence, stoicism, and toughness. 4) Give 'em heck, the machismo element.
Page 126.
NOMAS
National Organization of Men Against SexismPage 128.
What qualities does the contemporary "ideal women" hold?
She is someone who is smart, codependent, independent, beautiful, thin, athletic, and sexy. She is also loving, sensitive, competent domestically, and emotionally healthy.Page 133.
Gender Ranking
The valuing of one gender over another. Typically, masculine is favored over feminine. Occurs across gender categories and within gender categories (for example, economically privileged women a are represented differently than poor women). Pages 134-135.
