Stimulus
Something that produces a reaction or response
Response
A reaction
Conditioning
Learning
Classical Conditioning
a simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus
Unconditioned Stimulus
A stimulus that causes a response that is automatic and not learned.
Unconditioned Response
An automatic response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response
A learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or meaningless.
Conditioned Stimulus
learned stimulus
Taste Aversion
Learned avoidance of a particular food
Extinction
Occurs when the conditioned stimulus is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus
Spontaneous Recovery
A displayed response that was extinguished earlier.
Generalization
The act of responding in the same ways to the stimuli that seem to be similar even if the stimuli are not identical.
Discrimination
The act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other.
Flooding
When a person is exposed to harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
Systematic Desensitization
Relaxation techniques used to overcome fear.
Counterconditioning
When a pleasant stimulus is paired repeatedly with a fearful one, counteracting the fear.
Operant Conditioning
When people and animals learn to do certain things and not to do others because of the results of what they do.
Reinforcement
The process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur once again.
Primary Reinforcement
Reinforcers that function due to the biological makeup such as food, water, and adequate warmth.
Secondary Reinforcement
Learned reinforcers that initially acquire their value through being paired with established reinforcers.
Positive Reinforcers
Increase the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied.
Negative Reinforcers
Increase the frequency of the behavior when they are removed.
Schedule Reinforcement
When and how often the reinforcement occurs
Continous Reinforcement
The reinforcement of a behavior every time it occurs
Partial Reinforcement
A behavior that is not reinforced overtime it occurs.
Shaping
A way in teaching complex behaviors in which one reinforces small steps in the right direction.
Latent Learning
Learning that remains hidden until it is needed.
Observational Learning
Acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others.
