alkane
consists of only carbon to carbon single bonds
alkene
consists of at least one carbon to carbon double bond
alkyne
consists of at least one carbon to carbon triple bond
alcohol
contains an -OH group
aldehyde
contains a terminal O=C-H group
ketone
contains an internal C=O group
carboxylic acid
contains a terminal O=C-OH group
ether
contains an internal O-O group
ester
contains an internal O=C-O- group
amine
contains a terminal NH2 group