Executive functioning
abstract reasoning , conceptual thought , planning and attention
What does the trail making test measure
visual-conceptual , visuomotor , attention , mental flexibility
Trail making test and brain damage
time to complete trail B is longer than expected in relations to Trial A
Wisconsin Card Sorting define
abstract concepts , shift cognitive set , frontal lobe lesions,perseveration
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Match each response card to one of the four stimulus cards. Response category changes
Finger-tapping test measures
motor speed of index finger
Poor performance
lesion on the contralateral cerebral hemisphere
Hand Dynamometer
voluntary strength and movement of both hands
Grooved Pegboard
finger and hand dexterity
Broca's area location
Left Frontal Lobe
Broca's areas responsible
Expressive language and language production
Wernicke's area location
left posterior of the temporal lobe
Wenicke's area responsible
receptive language and ability to arrange sounds into coherent speech
Broca's Aphasia
A speech impairment resulting from damage to Broca's area and involving difficulties with speech production
Wernicke's aphasia
inability to comprehend or arrange sounds in coherent speech
Conduction aphasia
Cannot repeat words
Isolation syndrome
Retains all language abilities but cannot produce spontaneous speech , can repeat words but cannot understand it
Anomic Aphasia
Cannot name objects
Paraphasia
mistakes in speech
Aphasia Screening test
Drawing simple shapes , naming shapes and objects, spelling words , repeating words , writing a simple sentence and solving maths problems
Boston Naming Test
assesses patients ability name pictured items
Controlled Oral Word Association
Spontaneous production of words, verbal fluency; broken down into letter (phonetic) and semantic (category) sections
Sentence Repetition Test
ability to immediately repeat a list of sentences that increase in length
Attention
Cognitive process where an individual selects material form the environment for further processing
speech sound performance test
Listen to recording and and underline words heard, tests if can identity spoken words.
Nonsense words presented on recorder and asked to identify words in a list.
seashore rhythm test
hears 30 pairs of rhythmic acoustic sounds, then determines if they were the same sound
Two principle guidelines
sensitivity of test , specificity of test
Sensitivity of test
How well can it pick up a disorder
Specificity of test
Selecting tests that target a particular disorder
Example if sensitivity of test
WISC
Example of Specificity of test
Aphasia Screening test
Hit rate
The rate at which the test will do the job you want it to do
False positive
Appears accurate but it is not
False negatve
Appears false when it is fine
Fixed battery
Quantitative , slave to data , reduces standard error of measurement , independent of theory , same across person and disorders
Flexible Battery
sequencing and strategy differ according to client , not slave to data, theoretical orientation
Test battery development
Specific to localization and Lateralization , Upper and lower end , harder to simpler
Sensory memory
Survey the environment for stimuli that might be selected for further processing
Echoic memory
Auditory impressions
Iconic memory
Visual impressions
Short term memory
holds information for 15 to 30 seconds
Acoustic short term memory
persistence due to sound and language based content
Semantic short term memory
Persistence due to meanings
Long term memory
More permanent storage of information
Rehearsal and Retrieval
Processes by which information can be stored and retreived
Ways rehearsal is acheived
Maintenance and Elaborative
Maintenance rehearsal
A system for remembering involving repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it
Elaborative reheasal
focuses on meaning of info to help encode and transfer into long term storage
Proactive interference
Forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar, more recently learned material.
Retroactive interferance
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Paced Auditory serial addition test measures
attention , concentration , information processing
Concentration endurance test measures
sustained attention , cancellation
Benton Visual Retention Test measure
Visual perception , Visual memory , visuoconstructional skills
Benton Visual retention test
takes 10 mins show image, remove it, have patient redraw image from memory
California Verbal Learning Test measures
Verbal memory , learning, categorical thinking , susceptibility to proactive and retroactive interference
California Verbal Learning Test
test of verbal memory, is a 16-item word list with 5 learning trails followed by a distracter list of 16 new words, immediate and long delay free recall and cued recall trials, yes/no long-delay recognition trial, and a forced choice long-delay recognition trial
Rey Osterrieth Complex Figures test measures
visuo-construction , visuospatial ,visual memory, planning and organization, executiom
Piecemeal approach to Complex figures
haphazard
Configural approach to Complex figures
begins with center rectangle , more strategic
Right hemisphere damage complex figures (FRONTAL)
Planning
Right parietal-occipital damage complex figures
spatial organzation
Rey auditory - verbal learning test measures
verbal learning , memory , susceptibility to interference , recognition
Rey auditory - verbal test
recall a list of words , then given different list , recall first list, 20 minute delay recall , recognition - circle words from list
Tactile performance
recognition , memory of shapes , spatial location , psychomotor problem solving
