NCSBN NCLEX Lesson 8-B Respiratory

Definition: inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose marked especially by rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and itching, and sneezing

Definition: inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses

back blows and chest thrusts

modified Heimlich maneuver ("astride")

Heimlich maneuver

begin CPR

Definition: inflammation of mucous membranes of pharynx

i. antimicrobial therapy - penicillins for strep throat (erythromycin if allergic to penicillin)ii. antifungal therapy such as nystatin for fungal causesiii.

analgesics such as ibuprofen or topical anesthetic sprays or lozenges

Definition: inflammation and infection of the tonsils and especially the palatine tonsils

a. sore throat - may be recurrentb. feverc. difficulty swallowingd. enlarged tonsils and adenoids - may be "kissing tonsils" (where they are touching)e. foul smelling breath (halitosis)f.

noisy respirations - snoring loudly during sleep if enlarged adenoidsg. recurrent ear infections

prone, head turned to the side

Definition: complication of acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis with spread of tonsillar infection into the surrounding tissue

Echinacea (dried root or tea)Garlic clovesHorseradishSlippery elm tea

definition: inflammation of vocal cords and surrounding mucous membranes

laryngeal inflammation

Definition: chronic irreversible airway obstruction with slowed exhalation

emphysema chronic bronchitiscor pulmonale

i. inhaled bronchodilators - albuterol (beta-adrenergic), ipratropium (anticholinergic)ii. inhaled or oral corticosteroids - prednisone (IV during exacerbations), methylprednisolone (Medrol)iii.

expectorants - guaifenesin

Definition: a chronic lung disorder marked by recurrent episodes of bronchospasm-related airway obstruction triggered by hyperreactivity to various stimuli, producing airway narrowing and tenacious, thick, excess, mucous

i. cold airii. humidityiii. allergens such as pollens, molds, dust mites, animal danderiv. drugs: aspirin & NSAIDs

a. exertional dyspneab.

nonproductive chronic coughc. chronic inspiratory cracklesd. nail clubbing possible

fluid (transudate or exudate) in the pleural space; treated with thoracentesis or chest tube

blood in pleural space; treated with thoracentesis or chest tube

purulent drainage in pleural space; usually a complication of pneumonia, treated with chest tube and antibiotics

milky white lymphatic fluid in pleural space, treated with thoracentesis or chest tube, pleurodesis or surgery

chest x-ray that supports diagnosiswhite blood cell count - high in empyemaHCT/HGB - below baseline in hemothorax

Men: Hemoglobin: 14-18 g/dlHematocrit: 42-52 %Women:Hemoglobin: 12-16 g/dlHematocrit: 37-47 %

< 100 ml/hr

Cor pulmonale

Myasthenia gravis - an autoimmune neuromuscular where antibodies interefere with the transmission of nerve signals to the muscles.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) - a viral infection causing acute respiratory distress and sometimes death.

Emphysema - a chronic and progressive disease of the lungs that causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli.

Tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils, due to either viral or bacterial infections or immunologic factors. Findings are similar to pharyngitis (sore throat).

Tension pneumothorax - occurs when air gets trapped in the pleural cavity and as the pressure increases, it pushes the mediastinum to the other side of the chest, which compresses the other lung. This is a life-threatening condition.