Learning Objectives Microbiology Exam 1

Anythin that takes up space and has mass

Ability to do work

A molecules is broken down into smaller components

Two molecules are joined by removing H from one and OH from the other, forming water.

The formation of a large molecule from smaller components.

A compound is split apart by adding water to it.

The study of microscopic organisms

Microscopic organisms

Life from life

Life from non living material

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from previously existing cells

Microorganisms cause diseases.

Microbes attach to solid surfaces and grow into masses; on rocks, pipes, teeth and medical implants

Specialization of the plasma membrane in photosynthetic bacteria; location of bacteriochlorophyll

Infoldings of plasma membrane which increase surface area

Extrachromosomal DNA for unusual traits

Concentration of salt outside the cell is greater than inside the cell; net movement of water out of cell

Concentration of salt inside cell is greater than outside; net movement of water is into the cell

Concentrations inside and outside of cell are the same.

the sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism

Uses energy and building blocks to build large molecules; ATP to complex molecules

Degredative breakdown of large molecules provides energy and building blocks for anabolism

protein catalysts which speed up the rate of chemical reactions to biologically useful level by lowering activation energy

Nonprotein organic compound activator

nonprotein component

inactive protein portion

apoenzyme plus cofactor

removal of electrons

gain of electrons

energy require to synthesize large molecules

energy released when molecules are broken down

product of sequence of reactions will inhibit first enzyme of pathway

produced in cell; function out to hydrolyze large molecules, often to utilize as foodstuff or as part of invasive process of pathogens

produced and funtion in cell; aerobic resperation

Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces ATP and NADH

Maximum number of substrate molecules metabolized/enzyme/sec

Releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules; does not need oxygen; no Kreb's Cycle or ETC; uses organic molecules as final electron acceptor.

Chemical substances aquired from environment and used in metabolism and growth

Nutrients required for metabolism

members cooperate to produce a result neither could achieve alone

Normal flora prevent overgrowth of potential pathogens; competition between the 2 groups

Replication of DNA, copies of chromosome attached to membrane, septum separates 2 identically sized cells, peptidoglycan laid down between 2 units, other wall components added, cells remain attached or seperate.

Increase in numbers of microorganisms

_____ microorganisms are those with increased nutrient requirements