Exceptionalities Chpt 8-14

Patterns of behavior that signal problems in preschool are

Each of the following is a reason why early, comprehensive, intense, and sustained intervention is so rare EXCEPT

It is difficult to design a special education program for E/BD at the secondary level because

All credible conceptual models of education have the same objectives. They are

Each of the following statements regarding the need to balance behavioral control with academic and social learning is true EXCEPT

Susan and Mike are looking to place their son, Max, in an effective educational program for students with E/BD. They should select a program that includes all of the following elements EXCEPT

The trend today in placement of children with E/BD is away from special facilities and toward

Each of the following is true of instructional considerations for students with E/BD EXCEPT

Increasingly, researchers recognize that problem behavior occurs less frequently in the classroom when

All of the following are controversial concepts specific to discipline of students with disabilities EXCEPT

An approach to dealing with discipline problems that focuses on research-validated practices and recognizes the "value of nonviolent negative consequences" is

Bert is a nine-year-old boy with E/BD.

If he is like the average child with E/BD, his IQ probably falls in which range on standardized tests?

The most common problems exhibited by children with E/BD are

Aggression is encouraged by all of the following EXCEPT

In the Garrity and colleagues program for reducing bullying in schools, the "caring majority" refers to

Behavioral psychologists tend to attribute withdrawal and immaturity to

The causes of E/BD have been attributed to each of the following EXCEPT

In the majority of cases, the cause of E/BD is

In cases of severe E/BD, each of the following is true EXCEPT

Each of the following cultural conditions may predispose children to develop E/BD EXCEPT

The term used in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that has been criticized as inappropriate is

Which one of the following features is common to most definitions of E/BD?

The federal definition of E/BD has been most widely criticized for its exclusion of children with

Two broad dimensions of behavior disorders are

Comorbidity in persons with E/BD is

What percentage of the school-aged population exhibits serious and persistent emotional/behavioral problems, according to credible studies in the U.S. and other countries?

According to the National Research Council, each of the following is considered an essential feature of effective educational programs for preschool children with autistic spectrum disorders EXCEPT

In many ways, outcomes for persons with autism are similar to those with

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) includes each of the following components EXCEPT

Educators of students with autistic spectrum disorder are putting increasing emphasis on applying behavioral psychology in

What is currently the most popular placement for students with autism?

The process by which one alerts another to a stimulus via nonverbal means, such as gazing or pointing, is called

The desire to communicate for social reasons is

Which of the following statements about intelligence and autism is true?

What percentage of the population of those with autism is thought to be autistic savant?

A mixing of sensory or cognitive systems whereby stimulation of one elicits stimulation of the other is

People with Asperger Syndrome tend to be

The three most prominent theories that identify the major impairments attributed to autism spectrum disorders include each of the following EXCEPT

The natural inclination for most people to bring order and meaning to information in their environment by perceiving it as a meaningful whole rather than as disparate parts is

During the 1960s, which idea was popular among professionals trying to explain autism?

Each of the following supports a neurological basis for autism EXCEPT

Which of the following statements illustrates evidence for autism having a hereditary component?

What percentage of children with autism appears to experience autistic regression?

Each of the following is a misconception about autism spectrum disorders EXCEPT

The words ?autistic? and ?autism? come from the Greek word autos, meaning

Kanner?s research with a group of children he called ?autistic? indicated that these children could be set apart from children with schizophrenia in each of the following ways EXCEPT

Asperger referred to the children he studied as having

A condition that is much like autism but usually without significant delays in cognition and language is

Each of the following is included within autism spectrum disorders EXCEPT

A condition characterized by normal development for at least 2 and up to 10 years, followed by a significant loss of skills is

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how many people have an autism spectrum disorder?

Which statement about the prevalence rate of ASD is TRUE?

Planning for transition to adulthood for people with Asperger syndrome is largely concerned with issues of

Functional behavioral assessment is used to reduce or eliminate negative behaviors.

The purposes the behaviors serve for a person are

The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) focuses on

Two critical areas of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders are

Each of the following is a characteristic that applies generally to individuals who may be said to exhibit autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT

Children with autism have impaired communication; as many as 50 percent are thought to

Repetitive, ritualistic motor movements such as twirling, flapping hands, and rocking are known as

Jeremy has severe autism. He does not interact with others socially and his intellectual functioning appears to be very low. However, Jeremy has extraordinary ability as a pianist (though he is not interested in performing for other people). Which term best describes Jeremy?

A person whose sensory perceptions are so abnormal that he or she could appear to be deaf or blind would be

The social skills that are not taught directly but people are assumed to know, or social rules or conventions that most of us learn incidentally, are what is referred to as the

The way people use language in social situations is

Executive functions include all of the following EXCEPT

Jean is a young woman with Asperger syndrome.

Her coworker recently lost a family member to cancer. Jean expounded on her knowledge of the cause and effects of the illness, but did not offer condolences, nor did she notice the discomfort she was causing her coworker. Jean's inability to perceive the feelings or to understand the emotional state of her coworker is related to

Which term was once commonly applied to mothers of children with autism?

Which statement about the causes of autism spectrum disorder is true?

Neurological research that involves the brain and head size of people with autism strongly suggests that for many

Most children with autism can be diagnosed by the age of

The seminal work in the field of autism began in what year?

One characteristic that distinguished children studied by Kanner was

Asperger identified children who had

Which term is used to describe disorders similar in many ways to autism?

According to the APA, in order to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, an individual must meet each of these criteria EXCEPT

A condition in which persons display behaviors typical of autism but to a lesser degree and/or with an onset later than 3 years of age is

Most scientists argue that the dramatic increase in prevalence statistics for autism is due to each of the following EXCEPT

Jeremy is a four-year-old boy who makes infantile noises and uses gestures to request objects. He displays

Ideally, early intervention in the area of speech and language development should begin

Each of the following statements about adolescents and adults with speech and language problems is true EXCEPT

Which one of the following is an example of an alternative question-asking strategy?

The ability to transfer written words into speech is

Which of the following statements about written language development is true?

To document outcomes based on individual intervention plans, speech-language pathologists use demographic and diagnostic data along with a series of scales that measure

Which of the following statements about communication variations is true?

According to typical development, by what age are all American English speech sounds acquired?

The social interaction, or pragmatic, theory of language development suggests that

Language disorders are generally classified according to two dimensions:

Specific language impairment refers to

A failure of the child to understand the sound system of language at an age-appropriate level and in a culturally appropriate way represents

Which one of the following is an articulation disorder?

Causes of voice disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

What percentage of children and adults in this country are considered stutterers?

A disorder due to brain damage that affects a person's respiratory support for making speech sounds is

Communication requires

The communication of ideas through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to certain rules that determine meaning is

Decoding, or understanding messages, is referred to as

Phonology refers to linguistic rules governing

A language disorder that involves problems with functional and socially appropriate communication is

All of the following are examples of speech disorders EXCEPT

Approximately what percentage of children identified for special education receives services primarily for speech or language disorders?

Approximately what percentage of students in elementary and secondary grades is thought to have speech disorders?

Much of a child's language and social development depend on two characteristics of language interaction the child has with care givers. What are the characteristics?

Which procedure most closely resembles ?milieu teaching??

Jennie is a preschooler with delayed language development. Language intervention at this level generally focuses on

Which condition reduces the effectiveness of strategy training for adolescents with speech and language disorders?

The primary role of the classroom teacher is to facilitate development of which aspect of language?

Students with communication disorders may have trouble with stories about ideas or events one has experienced or thought about, called

All of the following are guidelines that teachers and parents can follow when talking with children with speech and language disorders EXCEPT

Methods of progress monitoring that involve a cycle of teaching, followed by testing, and then reteaching as necessary are

Which one of the following is the best example of a language variation?

Which statement is true concerning the comparison between the language of a normally developing child and one with a language disorder?

The theory that language depends on brain development and proper brain functioning and that language disorders resulting from brain dysfunction can sometimes be compensated for is the theory of

At present, which theory of communication is considered to have the most direct implications for speech-language pathologists and teachers?

Each of the following statements about classification of language disorders is true EXCEPT

An example of a primary language disorder is a/an

Articulation disorders

The dimensions of voice are

The most common fluency disorder is

Due to a brain injury, Henry has difficulty selecting and sequencing speech. He knows he makes errors and what he wants to say, but simply cannot. Henry's condition is

Requesting objects, rejecting interactions, sharing ideas, and seeking social interaction are examples of

Encoding, or sending messages, is referred to as

The neuromuscular activity of forming and sequencing the sounds of oral language is called

The meanings and concepts people attach to words and sentences are referred to as

Janice has a speech disorder which causes her to speak extremely slowly. This is a disorder of

It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders primarily because

Approximately what percentage of students in elementary and secondary grades is thought to have a language disorder?

Children with deafness who have parents who are also deaf

Until the mid-1960s the only institution specifically for postsecondary education of students with hearing impairments was

National statistics indicate that 95 percent of adults who are deaf choose deaf spouses. What percentage of the offspring from these marriages has normal hearing?

Teaching people with hearing impairments to use visual information (such as facial expressions) to understand what is being said to them is

Each of the following statements about signing English systems is true EXCEPT

FM systems are used in conjunction with hearing aids to

ATT is a device for

In recent years, many parents and professionals have questioned the trend toward inclusion of children with hearing impairment because

Which statement about the assessment of progress of students who have hearing impairments is true?

Signs in American Sign Language consist of each of the following EXCEPT

Each of the following is true about individuals with hearing loss EXCEPT

Which academic area is most affected by deafness?

The two factors that seem to have a positive effect on social adjustment are

Whether a person thinks of himself or herself as deaf is referred to as

The genetic engineering debate regarding Deaf activism refers to members of the Deaf community who want to

The ossicles function to create

Ideally, screening tests for babies should follow a

Most speech sounds have frequencies (pitch) in the range of

When testing the hearing of a two-year-old child, an audiologist should avoid use of which type of audiometry?

A condition in which the external auditory canal does not form is

The most severe hearing impairments are associated with which part of the ear?

The most frequent viral cause of deafness in newborns is

From the physiological perspective, the distinction between ?deaf? and ?hard of hearing? is based on

The term ?hard of hearing? is used to describe people with hearing impairment who

According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of students is identified as deaf or hard of hearing?

People who say that deafness should not be considered a disability argue that

The most important organ for hearing is the

Virtually all new television programs are captioned for use by people with hearing impairment.

Federal law requires that TVs over 13 inches must

The total communication approach utilizes

Among students who are deaf, those who achieve the highest levels of literacy tend to have

The ?speech reception threshold? is best defined as the

Professionals who work in early intervention programs for infants who are blind often recommend that initial efforts focus on

Each of the following is an accommodation that can be made on the job for those who are blind or who have low vision EXCEPT

The basic unit of braille is a

The National Federation of the Blind had a braille bill passed to

Use of compressed speech enables students with blindness to

An advantage of using guide dogs is that

Guide dogs must learn each of the following except

Oscar, a ninth grader who is blind, uses a device that converts regular print into synthesized speech. What is the machine called?

In comparison to sighted children, children who are blind

Which of the following statements about the conceptual abilities of children with visual impairment is true?

When walking, Lisa, an eighteen-year-old with blindness, has learned to attend to the subtle changes in pitch of echoes from objects as she moves towards them. Which phenomenon is responsible for these changes?

The lower achievement scores of students who are blind or who have low vision is most likely due to

People with sight can facilitate communication with people who are blind by

The structure in the eye which refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the

The colored portion of the eye that contracts or expands depending on the amount of light striking it is the

Janice is described as being able to detect some objects in the environment when they are fully lit.

This is an example of a skill a teacher might note when performing a

Clara has good vision for assignments written on the blackboard, but she has difficulty with the print in her textbook. She may have a refraction problem known as

A group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve is

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is caused by

A condition characterized by a preference for looking at near objects, non-purposeful gazing, distinct color preferences, attraction to rapid movements, and abnormal visual reflexes is

The legal definition of blindness involves assessment of

A common criticism of legal definitions of blindness is that visual acuity

For educational purposes, individuals who are blind

Some people think both the legal and educational definitions of blindness are flawed because both focus on

Blindness occurs most often in

Impediments to independent living and feeling comfortable in society for people who are blind or who have low vision include all of the following EXCEPT

Approximately what percentage of the population of people with blindness currently uses braille as a primary reading method?

The major disadvantage of large-print books is that they

Which mobility aid is most often recommended by professionals?

All of the following are appropriate actions pertaining to guide dogs and their owners EXCEPT

When guiding a person who is blind, you should

Historically, residential institutions were the preferred means of service delivery because they

Most professionals now agree that the intelligence of people with blindness

A skill used by people who are blind to aid them in acquiring mobility is

People who are blind

Social adjustment problems for children with visual impairment are most likely the result of

Repetitive movements such as rocking, rubbing the eyes, and grimacing displayed by some people who are blind are known as

The transparent gelatinous substance in the eye is known as the

The watery substance found between the cornea and lens of the eye is the

Each of the following is a limitation of the Snellen Chart EXCEPT

David has myopia. Another term for this condition is

The condition that results when the cornea or lens of the eye is irregular resulting in blurred vision is known as

A condition that involves an underdevelopment of part of the eye and is often associated with brain abnormalities such that a child is at risk for speech and cognitive disabilities is

A hereditary disease that usually causes the field of vision to narrow and also affects night vision is

As a result of improper muscle functioning, Zelda's eyes are misaligned. This description suggests which one of the following conditions?

As a disability of children, blindness is

Even though he has visual acuity of 20/20, Jeff is considered legally blind. This is possible if he has severely restricted

The educational definition of blindness and low vision stresses

Many students who are legally blind would not be considered blind from an educational perspective because they

What percentage of school-aged children does the federal government classify as visually impaired?

Any manual or electronic means by which a person who is unable to communicate through normal speech can express wants and needs, share information, engage in social closeness, or manage social etiquette is

Manual signs that easily convey their meaning (i.e., cradling one's arms while gently rocking back and forth to represent ?baby?) are

Any repetitive, stereotyped behavior that seems to have no immediately apparent purpose is

Repeated physical self-abuse, such as biting, scratching, or poking oneself, head banging, and so on is called

The process of finding out why or under what circumstances problem behavior is exhibited is called

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption of positive behavioral support?

Michelle is an early intervention specialist who works with families who have children with severe disabilities. Although they are not proven to be effective by research, she knows that she needs to provide individualized practices for each family, communicate with family members in a non-paternalistic manner, and ensure that any placement she recommends be safe and clean. These are examples of

Each of the following is an example of vocational training that would likely occur in elementary school EXCEPT

Each of the following is a feature of the federal government's definition of deaf-blindness EXCEPT

Each of the following is a category of causes of deaf-blindness EXCEPT

A condition in which a child is born with an abnormally shaped pupil and/or abnormalities of the retina or optic nerve is

Each of the following is a symptom of CHARGE syndrome EXCEPT

The fact that Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder means that

Each of the following has been shown to sometimes cause deaf-blindness EXCEPT

The first person who was deaf-blind who was known to be taught language was

Each of the following is an objective to help meet the needs of infants who are deaf-blind EXCEPT

An adaptation that may be used by a person who is deaf-blind to communicate with the public is

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries of

Brain damage caused by internal compression, stretching or other shearing motion of neural tissues within the head is due to

Which statement about TBI is TRUE?

Carl was three years old when he acquired TBI. Which of the following was the most likely cause of his brain injury?

Each of the following characteristics is an essential feature of appropriate education for students with TBI EXCEPT

The greatest complicating factor in most students? return to school following TBI is

Effective education and treatment for students with TBI often requires each of the following EXCEPT

Each of the following statements about severe and multiple disabilities is true EXCEPT

Manual signs that closely resemble the object or action they represent (i.e., gesturing throwing a ball for ?throw?) are

Each of the following is a challenge particular to users of augmentative or alternative communication (AAC) not faced by natural communicators EXCEPT

Each of the following statements about self-stimulation is true EXCEPT

Madeline's mother told her to pick up her stuffed bear and put it away. Madeline threw herself to the ground and began kicking and screaming.

Madeline's mom put the bear away herself, telling Madeline, ?O.K, O.K., calm down.? Madeline quickly ended her tantrum and returned to playing.

Which statement is true?

The process of identifying alternative, acceptable ways to communicate through teaching more appropriate behaviors and/or changing the environment to reduce the likelihood of prompting the undesirable behavior is

Each of the following is considered a criterion essential for early intervention programs in special education EXCEPT

Each of the following statements about early intervention is true EXCEPT

Each of the following statements about the outcomes for individuals with deaf-blindness is true EXCEPT

How many children from age 6 to 11 were receiving services for deaf-blindness in 2007 (compared to 32,000 for deafness and 12,000 for blindness)?

A syndrome that causes deaf-blindness and is characterized by a combination of physical anomalies including cranial nerve damage, heart defects, blockage of the air passage from the nose to the throat, and retardation in growth and intellectual development present at birth is

The absence or closure of a body opening present at birth is

An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is

Which condition is associated with tunnel vision?

Most authorities agree that the biggest obstacle faced by persons with deaf-blindness is

In addressing the needs of students with deaf-blindness, two principles that practitioners and parents should keep in mind are

Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are

Most authorities agree that a student with Usher syndrome should

Each of the following is a feature of definitions of TBI EXCEPT

Possible effects of TBI include each of the following EXCEPT

The prevalence of TBI has increased so much in recent years that it is now sometimes referred to as

After age 5, and increasingly through adolescence, the primary cause of TBI is

Many teachers don't want students with TBI in their classrooms, probably because

Each of the following is true about TBI EXCEPT

Each of the following statements about severe and multiple disabilities is true EXCEPT

All low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities combined probably affect what percentage of the population?

Which of the following is likely to be the least concern of early intervention for children with physical disabilities?

When special educators talk about transition, they are generally referring to the change from

Sociosexual education for students with physical disabilities includes instruction in all of the following EXCEPT

The primary goal of adapted physical education is

A person who provides support for daily living skills and fine motor skills is a(n)

Which statement about phenylketonuria (PKU) is true?

Children's reactions to their own physical disabilities are largely

Gareth uses braces on his legs to help provide support when he walks.

This is an example of a/an

The greatest problem with using technology for people with physical disabilities is

When a child's nervous system is damaged, no matter what the cause, which of the following is often one of the symptoms?

Cerebral palsy is a condition that occurs

Andre's legs are paralyzed, but he has full use of his arms. His condition is

Abrupt, involuntary movements and difficulty in maintaining balance is known as

When there is an abnormal discharge of electrical energy in certain brain cells, the result is

Seizures may differ on all of the following dimensions EXCEPT

Harris has a congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. His condition is known as

The extent of the paralysis in spina bifida depends on

Tim has a hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers. His condition is

The intelligence of students with conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system is

A lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing is

What causes more deaths in children than all childhood diseases combined?

Impairments that a child is born with are referred to as

A condition that is incurable is

A condition that becomes more and more severe over time is

What effect have advances in medicine had on the need for special education due to physical disabilities?

Providing support for the child's body and arranging instructional or play materials in certain ways is known as

A situation in which a person with a disability becomes a regular employee, performs a valued function in a regular work setting, and receives fair pay while receiving training, social skills instruction, and other services is

Each of the following statements about education for most children with a physical disability is true EXCEPT

Each of the following is a reason why most students with physical disabilities are integrated into public schools EXCEPT

Mr. Kent has a child in his class who has a terminal illness. He should

Each of the following statements about preventing physical disabilities is true EXCEPT

For children with most physical disabilities and other health impairments, a common cause of academic difficulties is

Jim has an artificial leg. This is an example of a/an

Which principles are most important to keep in mind when considering prosthetics and orthotics?

Impairments that are the result of injury to the brain that also affect the ability to move parts of one's body are

Cerebral palsy is

Cerebral palsy is classified by

Stiffness or tenseness of muscles and inaccurate voluntary movements is known as

The intelligence of children with cerebral palsy is

All of the following are common causes of seizures EXCEPT

All of the following procedures should be followed if a student has a seizure in school EXCEPT

Any malformation of the spine, spinal cord, or brain is a

Catheterization is necessary for individuals with

Rheumatoid arthritis is a potentially debilitating disease that

Chronic diseases and health conditions of children have

In addition to its effect on the immune system, AIDS poses all of the following threats to children EXCEPT

The primary distinguishing characteristic of children with physical disability is

A condition that may be severe but resolves with treatment is

A condition that recurs at successive times but does not necessarily become more severe over time is

Which statement is true?