Chapter 5 Sociology

The lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

The persons fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling

The theory which holds that behavior is not instinctive but learned

Used infant rhesus monkeys to show the importance that adults have in an infant's development

Demonstrated how social isolation causes permanent damage in the mental development of children

Study of personality and mental disorders and eventually developed the celebrated theory of psychoanalysis

Biology plays a major part in human development. Theorize that humans have two basic needs or drives that are present at birth. 1. Need for sexual and emotional bonding called life instinct.

2. Aggressive drive called the death instinct.

Id- The human being's basic drives Ego- A person's conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drives with the demands of society Superego- The cultural values and norms internalized by an individual

Unconscious and demand immediate satisfaction. Present at birth, making a newborn a bundle of demands for attention, touching, and food.

Arises as we become aware of our distinct existence and face the fact that we cannot have everything we want

Operates as our conscience, telling us why we cannot have everything we want. Begins to form as a child becomes aware of parental demand and matures as the child comes to understand that everyone's behavior should take account of cultural norms

Swiss psychologist, studied human cognition (how people think and understand)

Sensorimotor stage Preoperational stage Concrete operational stage Formal operational stage

The level of human development at which individuals experience the world only through their senses

The level of human development at which individuals first use language and other symbols

The level of human development at which individuals first see causal connections in their surroundings

The level of human development at which individuals think abstractly and critically

Developed the theory of social behaviorism to explain how social experience develops an individual's personality

The part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image

The self is not there at birth; it develops

The self develops only with social experience

Social experience is the exchange of symbols

Stated that seeking meaning leads people to imagine other people's intentions

Explained that understanding intention requires imagining the situation from other's point of view

A self image based on how we think others see us

That by taking the role of the other, we become self-aware

People, such as parents, who have special importance or socialization

George Herbert Mead's term for widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves

General drives are rooted in the body

Stages of development are tied to biological maturity

Completely social, allows no biological element at all

ID originates in our biology, but Mead rejected any biological element of the self.

In addition, the ID and the superego are locked in continual combat, but the I and the me work cooperatively together.

Social group whose members have interest, social position, and age common

Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position

The means for delivering impersonal communications to a vast audience

Category of people with something in common, usually their age

A setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative stuff (Prisons, Mental Hospitals)

Radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment