Chapter 17

Urban merchants became wealthy to sponsor artists, trade.population began to recover from the plaque; the hundred years war ended, cities grew rapidly, city merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists.

A lot of books could be produced at once and they were affordable so many could read.

Famous Northern Renaissance artist, he often used woodcutting along with Italian Renaissance techniques like proportion, perspective and modeling. (Knight Death, and Devil; Four Apostles). Many portray religious subjects

Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)

painter that captured scenes of life of large crowds such as peasants

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe although his criticisms of the Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther.

he wrote The Praise of Folly, worked for Frobein and translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin(1466-1536)

He was a English humanist that contributed to the world today by revealing the complexities of man. He wrote Utopia, a book that represented a revolutionary view of society. (p.437)

(1564 - 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet.

Humanism influenced learning by encouraging human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood

Some people wore rough clothes and ate plain foods to demonstrate their piety.

However, the humanists suggested that a person could enjoy life without offending God.

They played a huge role because they practically paid for all art in ancient Rome during the Renaissance.During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, math, manufacturing, and engineering. Patrons of the arts are often the ones that gave artists the financial backing they needed in order to have the time necessary to come up with whatever ideas they had.

they painted portraits of prominent citizens, showing what was distinctive about each; they glorified the human body in natural postures; they developed perspective to enhance realism

they wrote in the vernacular; they wrote either for self-expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects.

petrarch wrote sonnets about Laura, an ideal woman; boccaccio wrote about the follies of his characters in the decameron, and machiavelli wrote about the imperfect conduct of humans in the prince.