Chapter 12: Treatment

a type of therapy that aims to remove distressing symptoms by leading people to understand their causes through deeply felt personal insights

an intensive form of therapy, originally developed by Freud, based on the idea that people's psychological difficulties are caused by conflicts among the id, the ego, and the superego

a technique used in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy in which the patient says whatever comes to mind and the train of thought reveals the patient's issues and ways of dealing with them

a technique used in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy in which the therapist examines the content of dreams to gain access to the unconscious

a less intensive form of psychoanalysis

a technique used in psychodynamic therapies in which the therapist deciphers the patient's words and behaviors, assigning unconscious motivations to them

a reluctance or refusal to cooperate with the therapist which can range from unconscious forgetting to outright refusal to comply with a therapist's request

the process by which patients may relate to their therapists as they did to some important person in their lives

a type of insight-oriented therapy that focuses on people's potential for growth and the importance of an empathic therapist

according to client-centered therapy, a mismatch between a person's real self and his or her ideal self

a type of therapy that aims to change problematic behaviors and irrational thoughts and provide new, more adaptive behaviors and beliefs to replace old, maladaptive ones

a type of therapy, based on well-researched learning principles, that focuses on changing observable, measurable behaviors

a therapeutic technique based on classical conditioning that rests on the principle of habituation

a behavior therapy technique that involves controlling the exposure to a stimulus that elicits a conditioned response, so as to decrease or increase the frequency of the response

a behavior therapy technique that teaches people to be relaxed in the presence of a feared object or situation

a relaxation technique whereby the person relaxes muscles sequentially from one end of the body to the other

a category of therapeutic techniques for changing behavior based on operant conditioning principles

a treatment program that uses secondary reinforcers (token) to bring about behavior modification

behavioral techniques that help the client identify the antecedents and consequences of a problematic behavior

a type of therapy that focuses on the client's thoughts rather than his or her feelings or behaviors

irrational thoughts that arise from a systematic bias in the way a person thinks about reality

the process of helping clients shift their thinking away from the focus on automatic, dysfunctional thoughts to more realistic ones

the process of educating clients about therapy and research findings pertaining to their disorders or problems

the use of medication to treat psychological disorders and problems

medication that reduces psychotic symptoms

a type of antianxiety medication that affects the target symptoms within 36 hours and does not need to be taken for more than a week to be effective

a form of therapy

a therapy modality in which an individual client is treated by a single therapist

a therapy modality in which a number of clients with compatible needs meet together with one or two therapists

a therapy modality in which a family (or certain members of a family) is treated

a type of therapy that views a client's symptoms as occurring in a larger context, or system (the family and subculture), and holds that a change in one part of the system affects the rest of the system

a group whose members focus on a specific disorder or event and do not usually have a clinically trained leader (support group)

the use of self-help books and tapes for therapeutic purposes

the use of techniques from different theoretical orientations with an overarching theory of how the integrated techniques will be used to achieve the goals of treatment

the use of specific techniques that may benefit a particular client, without regard for an overarching theory

a type of researched, manual-based treatment that focuses on how issues that arise in the client's current relationships can affect mood

research that asks whether, after psychotherapy, clients are feeling better, functioning better, living more independently, and experiencing fewer symptoms

a type of antidepressant medication that affects only selective serotonin receptors, with relatively few side effects

a newer type of antidepressant that affects both serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitter systems