AP Psychology Learning (Myers, AP Edition)

a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

learning that certain events go together

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

the view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.

the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus

a stimulus that unconditionally--naturally and automatically--triggers a response.

the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus

an originally irrelevant stimulus, that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

the initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus

the diminishing of a conditioned response

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.

the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal a conditioned response

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become more unlikely

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

a stimulus that elicits a response after association with reinforcement

any event that strengthens the behavior if it follows

increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli

increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs

reinforcing a response only part of a time

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed

an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

learning by observing others

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.