End of Course US History Vocabulary Cold War

a political activist who emphasized racial pride and Black Nationalism. Formed the Universal Negro Improvement Association.

of 1921, 1924, and 1929 were designed to keep out immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe.

became the first person to fly across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927

about two million African-Americans move out of the south to the Northeast and Midwestern United States in search of better opportunities

engineer, entrepreneur introduced the assembly line production of automobiles

prohibits the sale, manufacture and distribution of alcohol

elected President in 1920 enacted highest tariff in history, lowered taxes and restricted immigration

early aviation pioneer known for his design of the first seaplane giving birth to the U.S. Naval Aviation

famous defense attorney; defending John T. Scopes in the "Monkey Trial"

in addition to fighting for women's rights, prison reform, and an 8 hour workday she was the most outspoken voice in the temperance movement.

government officials convicted of accepting bribes for leasing federal land to oil companies

granting women the right to vote

the purchase of any item in the hope of selling it later at a higher price--in order to get rich quick

pseudo-scientific belief that the human race could be improved by breeding

style many women adopted of shorter dresses and shorter hair rejecting the more traditional fashion and lifestyle

campaign slogan placing emphasis on peacetime production and prosperity at home

pro-business President known for saying "the chief business of America is business"

Hoover's belief that America's greatness was made possible by the ideas of equal opportunity, free education, and a will to succeed

wave of panic and hysteria in America caused by a fear of Communism and anarchy

courtroom battle over the teaching of modern scientific theories and the traditional religious beliefs

hostile group that was anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, anti-African-American

was referred to as the "Grand Experiment" but led to the rise of organized crime

an area in New York City where song writing and musical ideas mixed together to form popular American music

post WWI time period known for isolationism and economic prosperity

famous African-American poet known for expressing pride in his heritage and attacking racism

President seen as the villian at the start of the depression, blamed for continuing pro-business policies and not doing enough to remedy the economic down-turn

new optimism and growth of African-American culture

fear of radical takeover resulted in the arrests of 4,000 suspects and deportation of 600 others directed by the Attorney General

Wrote about the suffering of migrant families in the "Grapes of Wrath"

make-shift shanty towns that appeared on the outskirts of towns during the depression

first female member of the U.S. cabinet when she was appointed by FDR as Labor Secretary

caused by over-production, tariff barriers, speculation, shaky banking practices

series of droughts along with poor farming practices in the Great Plains area which created one of the worst natural disasters in U.S. history

gave jobs to young men, such as planting trees and cleaning up forests, lived in camps and sent money home to family

elected president in 1932, increased government's role in running the economy

provided safety net for workers with unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and insurance

FDR's plan for lifting the nation out of the depression

famous first lady, political activist, served as eyes and ears for her husband

recorded the misery of people in the depression through her photography

built 21 government dams along the Tennessee River to provide flood relief and electricity

created to watch over the stock market, prevent fraud and guard against another stock market crash

Doctor who wanted government to give all citizens 65 years and older a pension of $200 a month to help stimulate the economy

sign of leadership by President to speak directly to the American people on a weekly basis

goal of the New Deal; Relief, Recovery, Reform

FDR proposed to appoint additional justices for every justice over the age of 70, heavily criticized for the plan

half a million Mexican-American workers were forcibly sent back to Mexico

insured bank deposits to restore people's confidence in the nation's banks

used radio to criticize FDR policies as helping make rich richer and poor poorer, called for nationalizing banks and utilities

created to control the flow of currency in the market helping to reduce major swings in the inflation rate

paper money

former Louisiana Governor and U.S. Senator critical of FDR for not doing enough to help the poor

paid farmers for surplus crops and stored them in warehouses until prices recovered

helped the government raise needed funds for the war effort; also helped reduce inflation, allowed Americans to support the war effort

a group of American volunteer fighter pilots who helped keep supply lines open in China

Allowed for the U.S. to sell, lease or lend war materials to any country deemed vital to the defense of the U.S.

the policy of giving in to satisfy the demand of a potential enemy

regulated the amount of goods that consumers could obtain, therefore sharing in the sacrifices of war

considered a major turning point in the war in the Pacific, putting the Japanese on the defensive and the U.S. on the offensive

commanded the Army invasion of Africa and Italy, led the Third Army unit through Europe

require Japanese Americans to be relocated to internment camps

an all-black fighter group in the Air Corps who provided escorts for pilots on bombing missions

invasion of Normandy, France in 1944

German fighting strategy also known as "lightening war"

was the attempted genocide of the Jews during WWII which led to the killing of over 6 million Jews

Roosevelt's Army Chief of Staff, helped build up and supply our 8 million man army and helped oversee the project to build an atomic weapon

led the first American army to advance through France

leader of the Nazi party, took power in Germany and aimed to achieve German domination

U.S. naval base in Hawaii attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941

a series of laws passed by Congress to keep the country out of war

produced pro-Allied, anti-Axis propaganda posters, movies, and radio programs to make citizens aware of how they could help the war effort

supreme allied commander responsible for the D-Day invasion

Supreme Court case ruled that the internment of the Japanese Americans was constitutional

Japanese cities that were targeted for the dropping of the A-bomb

successful U.S. war strategy in the Pacific

black soldier awarded the Medal of Honor 40 years after his heroic service in WWII

were used to send messages in the military because their language could not be deciphered

led U.S. ground forces in the Pacific theatre, promised to return to the Philippines

Filipino and U.S. prisoners forced to march 60 miles through jungles without food and water

U.S. President who made the decision to use the new atomic weapon on Japan to prevent the loss of more American lives

Americans grow their own vegetables and fruits in order to conserve the food supply

U.S. Navy Admiral defeated the Japanese in the Battle of Midway

imaginary wall separating Soviet satellite countries from the west

based on the concept of collective security which each member pledged to defend each other if attacked. First peacetime military treaty U.S. ever joined

led a communist revolution in China in 1949

massive aid program for war torn European countries, helped reduce in influence of communism

congressional committee questioned actors, directors, writers and others about their possible Communist sympathies

Congressmen created fears of a communist conspiracy to overthrow the American government by infiltrating the U.S. State Department with spies

U.S. would not attempt to overturn communism where it already existed, but they resolved not to allow it to spread

U.S. President offered military aid to Greece and Turkey when communist rebels threatened these two countries

Soviet Union reacted to creation of Western European alliances by unifying Eastern European satellite countries

released in 1997 which confirmed the identities of several Americans who had spied for the Soviet Union

Communist North Korea invaded South Korea, Truman chose to aid the South to prevent the spread of communism; sometimes referred to as the "Forgotten War"

Servicemen's Readjustment Act; helped veteran's with low interest home loans and money for college education

1957 the soviets launched the first man-made satellite, marked the beginning of what becomes known as the space race

Stalin ordered a blockade in 1947, the U.S. organized a massive humanitarian relief effort to supply and feed the city

discovered the polio vaccine

this married couple was charged with selling national secrets to the Soviet Union, were convicted and executed

a confrontation between the free nations of the world (U. S.) and the communist nations of the world (Soviets)

continuing the policy of containment Eisenhower agreed to send aid to any Middle Eastern country that needed to stop the spread of communism

Eisehower's plan to connect the nation through a system of roadways; sparked the middle-class move to the suburbs

agreed upon border between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea

international peace keeping organization designed to promote global justice and cooperation with member nations