End of Course US History Industrialization Vocabulary

Individuals are free to produce and sell whatever products they wish

Prohibited unfair practices by railroads such as charging higher rates for shorter routes

Theory that the government should not interfere in the operation of the free market

Inventor best kown for his invention of the electric light bulb

Process which made steel stronger, more affordable and profitable

Made his fortune refining oil; founded Standard Oil

A company chartered by a state and recognized in law as a separate person

Linked goods and services through technology and transportation making commerce more affordable

Completed in 1869 at Promontory Point, Utah making it possible to travel by land to California

Organized workers act as a group, not as an individual, to leverage for better working conditions

Hoped to create a single national union of skilled and unskilled workers, demanding an 8 hour work day, safety codes, better pay, and organized strikes to get companies to grant demands

Often used to move, clean, or fix large machines since they were small enough to fit between parts

Theory that rich were obligated to help communities by giving back in the form of libraries, school, and universities, but not giving directly to individuals

Scottish immigrant who made his fortune in steel making, known for "Gospel of Wealth"

Inventor known for the telephone and the company that later became AT&T

Act of "Charitable giving"

Complete control of a product or service; the elimination of fair competition

Designed to prevent companies from engaging in unfair practices that eliminated fair competition

Economic philosophy based on the "Survival of the Fittest"--Justified millionares

Wrote "How The Other Half Lives" describing the deplorable conditions of the cities

In 1896, miners were attracted to this area by the discovery of precious metals

Made all Indians citizen of the United States

Single room apartments often without heating, lighting, or sewage

Corrupt city government officials promising to provide services and jobs in exchange for votes

Primary reason for the growth in US cities by the early 1900s, doubling the number of US cities with population in excess of 500,000

Vast government center in New York City where most immigrants were processed into the US

Movement by cowboys of cattle to rail stations in the north to connect to markets in the east

Neighborhoods made up of people of similar nationality, language, and cultural characteristics

Mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe; mostly Catholic and Jewish

First federal law restricting Asian immigration to the US

War, Famine, Drought, Economic Opportunity, Education, etc

Closing event of the plains Indians; destruction of a way of life

1862 law divided reservation into individual plots, each family received 160 acres to farm hoping to establish pride in ownership; given to citizens who met certain requirements and paid a small fee

Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture

Growth of large cities

Learning to dress, speak, and act like other Americans

Favoring native born Americans over immigrants

Required Americans to pay an income tax

Aimed at correcting the political and social injustices resulting from industrialization

Tax on imported goods

An all-purpose community center for poor people living in crowded cities

Reporters, writers, and social scientists exposed the abuses of industrial society and government corruption

A new national political party representing the "common man"--farmers, industrial workers, and miners, proposing an 8 hour work day, progressive income tax, government ownership of railroads, and free silver

Unlimited coinage of silver to increase money supply

Prohibition of the sale, manufacture, or transport of alcohol

Progressive reformer known for establishing the Hull House

Social reformer that organized a national anti-lynching crusade

Called for social reforms such as a duty of Christians to enhance the lives of the less fortunate

Democratic candidate in the election of 1896; gained support of the populist party for his "Cross of Gold" speech

Protected consumer's health and welfare by insuring quality products

Muckraker that wrote of the abuses in the meat packing industry in "The Jungle"

Elected officials could be removed from office by special election

Allows for the direct election of Senators

Teddy Roosevelt's progressive legislative program aimed at protecting the public health and preventing false claims by business owners

Government cannot deny the right to vote based on gender

Direct result of the book "The Jungle"

Created government agency that controls monetary policy

Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by their legislature; allows voters to introduce bills directly to the legislature

African-American reformer that co-founded the NAACP

Progressive president known as the trust buster, identifying compaies as good trusts and bad trusts

Movement led mostly by women like Francis Willard to eliminate alcohol

Proposed that Africa-Americans achieve equality gradually through job training and education and founded the Tuskegee Institute

Democrat elected President in 1912 as a result of a split in the Republican Party (Bull Moose Party)

Succeeded Roosevelt as President, followed many of his trust-busting policies

Policy that prevented Europeans from establishing colonies in the Western Hemisphere

Group of volunteers led by Teddy Roosevelt; gained fame in the Spanish-American War

First governor of Hawaii, led group of plantation owers to overthrow the queen

Consists of a country's policies toward other nations

Sensationalized events in Cuba by American newspapers eager for war with Spain

Letter written by Spaish official claiming President McKinley was weak

Famous turing point American victory in Spanish-American War

Fought on two fronts, in the Carribean and the Pacific against the Spanish Empire

Argued that to achieve world power, a country needed a powerful Navy

Mosquito borne illness responsible for thousands of deaths in Panama Canal Zone

Presidet Taft's foreign policy toward Latin America advocating investment

Mysteriously exploded in Havana Harbor

Said Hawaii should be led and controlled by Hawaiians, later to surrender to America

Annexed territory under control of the United States

Responsible for eliminating breeding areas for mosquitos, thus helping to control the spread of Yellow Fever

Completed in 1914, connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans

Asserted the US's right to intervene in Cuban affairs at any time

Gave equal trading rights to all countries in China

Roosevelt boasted he would "speak softly and carry a big stick"

Leader of the American Expeditionary Force sent to Mexico to hunt down the famous Mexican revolutionary, Pancho Villa

US Secretary of State responsible for opening trade with China in the Open Door Policy

Addtion to the Monroe Doctorine stating the US would intervene in the affiars of Caribbean nations as a police presence if necessary

The policy or practice of extending a nation's rule over other less powerful territories

Leading opponent of the US becoming involved in the League of Nations

Assassinated by a Serb national in Sarajevo

Allowed national government to draft men to serve in war

Policy of not taking sides in the conflict in Europe

International peace-keeping organization

German Submarines

Medal of Honor recipient for heroism in WWI

New and strange method of fighting, using poison gas and machine guns

Germany promised not to sink any more ocean liners without prior warning or providing help to passengers

Ended WWI with provisions that were considered very harsh on Germany and other defeated countries

Considered a major turning point in WWI, Germany was defeated

American fighting force in WWI led by John J Pershing

Provision of the Versailles Treaty which made Germany pay for damages caused during the war

Secret message from German foreign Minister to Mexico, promising to return lost territories to Mexico in exchange for an alliance

Made it a crime to criticize American involvement in European conflict

Attempted to remain neutral, but eventually he was forced to ask Congress for a declaration of war on Europe

Supreme Court ruling limiting free speech when it poses a "clear and present danger"

British passenger ship was sunk by German submarine killing over 1000 people, including 128 Americans

Proposed by Wilson before the end of WWI as the basis for the peace in Europe which included a plan for the League of Nations

Policy after WWI of separating from affairs of other countries and turning their backs to Europe