EMT Chapter 15

aneurysm

aphasia

aura

cerebrovascular accident

coma

dysarthria

embolus

febrile seizures

generalized seizure

hemiparesis

hemorrhagic stroke

hypoglycemia

ischemia

ischemic stroke

partial seizure

postictal state

seizure

status epilepticus

stroke

thrombosis

tonic-clonic seizure

transient ischemic attack

muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the

a 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. as your partner is applying oxygen, it is most important for you to

the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the

what glascow coma scale would you assign to a patient who responds to painful stimuli, uses inappropriate words, and flexes his or her arms in response to pain?

a patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. the least likely cause of this seizure is

you are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. she is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, and is breathing as a normal rate with adequate depth. you should

the mental status of a patient who has experienced a typical seizure

a transient ischemic attack occurs when

you are transporting a semiconscious patient to the hospital. en route, you note that the patient's mental status is not improving, despite 100% supplemental oxygen. you should suspect that this patient

which of the following most accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stoke? A) acute atherosclerotic disease B) narrowing of a carotid artery C) rupture of a cerebral artery D) blockage of a cerebral artery

when transporting a stable stroke patient with unilateral hemiparalysis, it is best to place the patient in a

which of the following is not an assessment parameter included in the Cincinnati Stoke Scale? A) memory B) arm drift C) facial droop D) speech

a patient with an altered mental status is

the principle clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia

during the initial assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should

when caring for a child with documented hypoglycemia, you should be most alert for

a patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing

successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether or not

which of the following conditions is not a common cause of seizures? A) acute alcohol withdrawal B) severe hypovolemia C) acute hypoglycemia D) poisoning or overdose

you are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. your initial assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. you should

you arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. the patient's girlfriend tells you that he had a history of seizures and takes Tegretol. when obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is most important to

which of the following conditions would most likely affect the entire brain? A) blocked cerebral artery in the frontal lobe B) respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest C) reduced blood supply to the left hemisphere D) ruptured cerebral artery in the occipital lobe

you respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a male 2-year-old. the child is conscious and crying. according to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. you should

which of the following most accurately describes the postictal state that follows a seizure? A) rapidly improving level of consciousness B) dazed, confused, or combative appearance C) hyperventilation and hypersalivation D) gradually decreasing level of consciousness

an absence seizure is also referred to as a

you are caring for a conscious, confused patient with left-sided hemiparalysis. his airway is patent and his respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. treatment for this patient should include

a patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is not eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she

which of the following conditions would most likely mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? A) alcohol intoxication B) acute poisoning C) hypoglycemia D) high fever

you receive a call to a residence, where a neighbor has found the resident, a 40-year-old female, semiconscious on her living room floor. during your assessment you discover a bottle of Dilantin on a nearby table. you should be most suspicious that this patient

which of the following medications is not used to treat patients with a history of seizures? A) Tegretol B) Dilantin C) Dilaudid D) Phenobarbital

interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, except: A) a thrombus B) cerebral vasodilation C) an acute arterial rupture D) an embolism

which of the following most accurately describes a focal seizure? A) a seizure that begins in one extremity B) generalized seizures without incontinence C) a seizure that is not preceded by an aura D) a blank stare without muscle contractions

individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the

the spinal cord exits the cranium through the

a patient who is experiencing receptive aphasia is

the three major parts of the brain are the

status epilepticus is characterized by

the most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is

which of the following clinical signs would be most suggestive of a ruptured cerebral artery? A) unilateral hemiparesis B) nasal discharge of blood C) confusion and weakness D) sudden, severe headache

which of the following conditions would be least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? A) postictal state B) hypoglycemia C) intracranial bleeding D) hypovolemia

when assessing arm movement of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should

a 35-year-old mildly obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the upper right quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. the most likely cause of her pain is

the most appropriate treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock includes

febrile seizures are

a generalized seizure is characterized by

when obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is most important to determine

which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? A) brain tumor B) massive stroke C) poisoning D) head trauma

which of the following patients would most likely demonstrate typical signs of infection or fever? A) an 88-year-old male with chronic renal problems B) a 17-year-old male with depression and anxiety C) a 3-month-old female who was born prematurely D) a 35-year-old female in the later stages of AIDS

the anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls

a patient experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure exhibits

"tips on vowels"

in the immediate postictal state you should anticipate

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes phenytoin (Dilantin) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen, you should: A) administer one tube of oral glucose and prepare for immediate transport. B) place her in the recovery position and transport her with lights and siren. C) monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level. D) give her small cups of water to drink and observe for further seizure activity.

when obtaining medical history information from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine: A) when the patient last appeared normal. B) if there is a family history of a stroke. C) if the patient has been hospitalized before. D) the patient's overall medication compliance

you arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized seizure. she has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. after protecting her from further injury, you should:

law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. she is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. there is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. you should: A) place a bite block in her mouth in case she has a seizure and transport at once. B) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, place her on her left side, and transport. C) assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport. D) apply oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and transport her for a blood-alcohol test.

you are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. his blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. his wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. he has MOST likely experienced: A) acute hypoglycemia. B) a ruptured cerebral artery. C) a complex partial seizure. D) an occluded cerebral artery.