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CHAPTER 1:

The fact that young children are extremely capable and naturally eager to learn has been proven through ____________.

Knowledge about how children develop, knowing what to teach and when, assessing what children have learned, and adapting curriculum best fits the definition of which of the following?

John is going to be a first grade teacher. He is learning that the field of early childhood education has changed more in the last ten years than in the previous fifty years. All of the following are reasons why early childhood education is undergoing dramatic transformation and reform EXCEPT which one?

Laura is studying to be an early childhood teacher. Early childhood education includes children ages birth to ___________.

Michael was a kindergarten teacher ten years ago. He is now returning to the field. Michael has always been aware of and understood the National Association for the Education of Young Children's standards for professional development, but today, he learned that he must also be aware of the standards from the Division of Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. These standards apply to Michael because he will be _____________________.

Critical goals for developing cultural identity include developing in children ________________________ which involves learning about the self—"Who am I?"

Children are healthier, happier, and more achievement oriented when they are cared for and taught in _________________.

Polly is a preschool teacher and understands that one of her most important responsibilities as an early childhood professional is assessment. What two forms of assessment should Polly use in her classroom in ongoing and systematic ways?

Sylvia feels it is very important to connect with the families of the children in her class. This year she makes home visits and asks each family to complete a short survey on their heritage. As a professional, Sylvia is demonstrating what type of relationship with her students and their families?

Which term refers to the teaching skills teachers need to help all children learn content knowledge?

All of the following are goals of assessment in the early childhood classroom EXCEPT which one?

The active process of thinking before teaching, during teaching, and after teaching in order to make decisions about how to plan, assess, and teach is called what?

Knowing what you believe about children, your feelings about appropriate or inappropriate learning environments, what you think are the purposes of education, how you view the teacher's role, and what you think you should know and be able to do should be part of your __________.

The professional is never a "finished" product. Which is the best explanation of this statement?

The code of ethics for the field of early childhood education was developed by which professional organization?

Keith realizes that many of his students do not have access to a quality after school care program. He and some of his colleagues decide to write a grant to get one started at the school. These teachers are serving as ___________.

Dr. Thomas is the principal at Crest Early Childhood Center. She has worked hard to establish a professional learning community at her school. Professional learning communities are designed to do which of the following?

What is the exercise of responsible behavior with children, families, colleagues, and community members called?

CHAPTER 2:

Children whose parents are unemployed are at an increased risk for experiencing all of the following EXCEPT:

Tanya wants to make a difference in the lives of children who come from severe poverty. She tells her family and friends that she wants to significantly lower the achievement gap for these children. When her father asked her to define this "achievement gap", she tells him that it refers to the difference in performance as compared to their peers between _________________.

The best time to provide programs to prevent and reduce achievement gaps begins at what age/grade level?

Kendra and Jaime have a family with two girls. They are well-read parents and are very concerned about the gender achievement gap. Tonight they are attending the school/family meeting to find out how the school is handling this situation. All of the following statements are true about the gender achievement gap EXCEPT which one?

Measures to eliminate the achievement gap involving black males must include which of the following?

There is a direct correlation to high student performance and teacher expertise. In an effort to close the achievement gap teachers must use which of the following techniques?

John is an early childhood teacher who believes very strongly in the benefits of a family-centered program. Fundamentally, family centered programs believe which of the following tenants?

Martha is a single mom moving into the Leef School District. When she registered her youngest son, Nick, in the prekindergarten program they also gave her information on adequate and affordable healthcare for the whole family. This school understands which of the following?

Amanda and Toni chose not to get married, but are living together as life partners. They are raising Toni's two children from a previous marriage. This scenario is a description of how families are changing in _______________.

Iesha has been teaching kindergarten over 30 years and is upset because this year they have to make home visits. Her new principal believes in family centered practices and wants the teaching staff to effectively communicate with all families even those who have to work. This principal understands that the primary responsibility for meeting children's many needs is the ______________.

Many hospitals and community colleges are providing courses and seminars to support fathers in preparing them for the joys and responsibilities of fathering. They are doing this because __________________.

There are a number of health issues facing children today with the most prevalent and chronic being _____________.

Peter is an early childhood teacher and has two children in his classroom with asthma. He remembers from his college classes that there are two initiatives designed to support him in his role as an advocate for these children. One is the Asthma Friendly School Initiative and the other is the Kids with Asthma Bill of Rights. Both initiatives are sponsored through the _____________________.

Patrice is a kindergarten student who consistently hurts and behaves aggressively toward the other children. In talking with the school counselor and doing research about this violent behavior, Patrice learns that violent behavior is ___________________.

Lisa is a new teacher and is concerned with the amount of violence in children's lives. She asks the school counselor to give her some ideas for helping children to cope with it. The counselor tells her all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Longview elementary school uses the "talk, walk, and squawk" method to prevent bullying. In this method, children are taught to do the following when confronted by a bully.

Today in America the New Majority Minorities are primarily ______________.

Sandy is interviewing for a first grade position at Sanderson Elementary school. She is asked if she will promote cultural competency in her classroom. If Sandy responds yes to this question it means that she ___________________.

CHAPTER 3:

Student assessment occurs through all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Mrs. Sanchez is having her ELL students play the game "Pronoun Jeopardy" at the end of her unit on the use of pronouns. These students are not only having fun, but Mrs. Sanchez is able to use the results of this assessment activity to plan for areas of student improvement. This type of assessment is _________.

Assessment is an invaluable tool for significant student learning. It influences children's lives both in and out of school. As an early childhood professional it is critical that your assessment practices are not only effective but ________________.

Mr. Cane is reviewing his observations, checklists and student portfolio's. He needs to make some decisions for his small group student placements for next week's lessons. Mr. Cane is using which type of assessment?

All of the following are guidelines early childhood professionals should follow in planning for authentic assessment EXCEPT which one?

Mr. Moya takes notes as his prekindergarten students' work in their centers. He notices that Mary loves the art center and spends a great deal of time creating pictures with words for her mother to hang up in the house. Mr. Moya also notes that Mary never left the art center. The next day, he adds paper, markers and Velcro to the home and block centers. Mr. Moya's goal is to use the strengths Mary exhibited in the art center as a basis to expand her interests to other areas in the classroom. Mr. Moya is using which of the following assessment techniques?

Tina uses running records frequently in her kindergarten classroom. Running records are most useful in assessing which of the following?

Mrs. Norman systematically monitors Karen for a week during the 45 minutes of math. She is careful to document the time and nature of the ABCs. The A in the term ABC observation system stands for which of the following?

Checklists are powerful tools for observing and gathering information about a wide range of student abilities in all settings. Early childhood professionals should use information from checklists for all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Jana is excited about using student portfolios this year as another form of student assessment. In her staff development session, Jana learned that she must make sure that these student portfolios reflect her student's cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development and that she _________________.

Mrs. Starts likes to use interviews in her second grade classroom. Her student teacher had never heard of this before and asked her why she liked them. Mrs. Starts told her that it gave her students a chance to explain their own behavior. She went on to explain that when she plans for the interview questions she always refers to ____________.

Rubrics are performance and scoring guides that differentiate among levels of __________________.

Rhonda has heard that rubrics can be a very effective way to not only assess student work in the classroom but to challenge students to higher levels of achievement. In studying more about creating rubrics, she learned that rubrics are most effective if all of the following criteria are followed EXCEPT which one?

John uses sticky notes to conduct his observations. He finds that this method allows him to easily transfer the information to his student files. Once John has completed this process, the next critical step is _______________________.

Formal methods of assessment that involve the use of standardized tests with set procedures and instructions for administration and have been normed are called ___________________.

Dr. Richardson is the principal at Northview Early Childhood Center. Today she is teaching her staff about summative assessments. Dr. Richardson understands that this type of testing can be inappropriate at any level but especially in an early childhood center. She plans to remind her staff that summative assessment is valuable and worthwhile if it is appropriate and the results are used to design ______________.

Assessment and evaluation procedures for children with special needs must be fair and equitable and must adhere to the mandates of IDEA. All of the following are included in this mandate EXCEPT which one?

English language learners (ELLs) are often at a disadvantage when it comes to testing. First there is often an issue related to the alignment of standards, and second many ELLs often have a hard time achieving due to which of the following differences?

Chapter 4

The Protestant Reformation in Europe had two secular effects; they were universal education and _____________.

John Amos Comenius wrote the first picture book for children entitled ____________.

Modern educational programs that encourage and promote early education as a means of overcoming a disadvantaged environment are based on which of the following ideas?

The English philosopher who popularized the tabula rasa, or blank tablet, view of children in his work was _________________.

Many early childhood programs are incorporating outdoor activities, nature education, and gardening as ways of getting children involved in their education through a more naturalistic approach. This revolutionary idea was first introduced by which of the following historical figures?

Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel is best known as which of the following?

The kindergarten movement in the United States was going very well in the beginning; however, over time it suffered some problems because ___________________.

The theory of schooling called progressivism emphasizes children and their interests rather than subject matter. We can thank which of the following historical figures for this educational philosophy?

Maria Montessori devoted her life to developing an educational system that has influenced virtually all early childhood programs. Montessori believed that mental deficiency in children was ________________.

A modern and innovative equivalent to the McMillans' open-air nursery school is which of the following?

Sputnik sparked a nationwide fear of Soviet dominion and the fall of the United States as a world power. This resulted in our current emphasis on which of the following?

An important part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's war on poverty was _______________.

Head Start is one of the longest-running programs to address systemic poverty in the United States. Head Start includes all of the following EXCEPT which one?

IDEA stands for which of the following?

Tina wants to become a teacher and is learning how society has viewed children throughout the ages. She understands that how society thinks about children determines how they are reared and she knows that as an early childhood teacher she will be working closely with the families. Tina reads about all of the following views EXCEPT which one?

Rhonda is a principal at East Elementary. She believes that every child is a unique and special individual. At her school, she supports her teachers in implementing a child-centered curriculum. Rhonda belongs to the professional organization known as the Association for Supervision and Curriculum (ASCD) who put forth this Whole Child Initiative. This initiative is based on which of the following views of children?

Inclusion practices are considered by many to be in the best interest of children both with and without developmental disabilities. How is "inclusion" generally defined?

Ben and Jerry have a child, Kenny, identified with Down's Syndrome. The teacher in Kenny's classroom believes in inclusion and has asked them to come to a family night meeting to discuss their story of what life has been like for Kenny. In doing this, the teacher is hoping that the other parents will respond in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one?

CHAPTER 5:

Which of the following is basic to Piaget's cognitive development theory?

A young child sees a dog for the first time in his life and calls the dog a "big cat." This child is fitting new stimuli (a dog) into an existing mental scheme (cat scheme). What is this process called?

Tom is a first grade teacher who intentionally tries to learn all about her students - their culture, family, and community. According to Piaget, the students in this classroom will have a better chance for successful learning if Tom uses this knowledge to do which of the following?

Vygotsky believed that learning results from ____________.

Learning drives development and the experiences children have influence this development. This means that teachers must provide which of the following for all students?

Mrs. Young is an early childhood teacher and she noticed that Maurice was trying to learn to tie his own shoes. As she watched him, she saw that he could make the loops but he got stuck at that step. Mrs. Young sat beside Maurice and demonstrated the next step and together they worked for several minutes. Later that day, with his teacher's assistance, Maurice was proud to report to his family that he could now tie his own shoes. This is an example of which of the following?

Mrs. Green provides hands-on learning centers, offers experiences in movement to rhythm and music, and allows opportunities for building and taking apart. In doing this she is providing for which type of intelligence according to Gardner?

Behaviorism is a learning theory that does which of the following?

Behaviorism has its roots from three theorists. They include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Jim is an early childhood teacher who teaches in a fully inclusive school. He believes in the constructivist approach to learning but right now, with Mary, a child who has learned to get what she wants at home by throwing a tantrum, he decides to use applied behavior analysis to stop this out of control reaction at school. Jim chooses to ignore the behavior or provide negative reinforcement. This intervention will only work if Jim does which of the following?

In the preschool years children need to be given opportunities to respond with initiative to activities and tasks so that they feel a sense of purposefulness and accomplishment. This is according to which of the following theorists?

The theory of human motivation called self-actualization was developed by which of the following theorists?

Many early childhood programs provide children with breakfast, lunch, and snacks throughout the day to aid achievement and concentration in school. This practice is supported by a theory from which of the following theorists?

Dr. Richardson is a principal of an early childhood center. She understands that she must hire high quality, caring teachers in her program because she knows that how her teachers relate to the children really matters. It not only affects how well the children behave but it also affects how well the children _______________.

All of the following are encouraging statements instead of praise EXCEPT which one?

The ecological theory that looks at children's development within the context of a system of relationships that form their environment was developed by _______________.

In the ecological theory the child influences and is influenced by his/her parents, family, peers, child care, schools, etc. This describes which of the following systems?

All of the following are basic principles of constructivism EXCEPT which one?

CHAPTER 6:

Tawna is a mother who understands the importance of quality early childhood education. Her son Tyler is about to enter prekindergarten and she wants to place him in a childcare center that is accredited by the nation's largest organization of early childhood educators. The name of this organization is _____________________________.

The national spotlight is on the importance of quality education in the early years. There will be more money invested into early childhood programs, but in return there is an emphasis on closing the achievement gap. This achievement gap refers to the differences in school achievement between children of ___________________.

Tom wants to be an early childhood teacher. He understands the importance of studying model early childhood programs, so he plans a trip to Italy this summer. What high quality early childhood program that we study in the United States comes from Italy?

Dr. Stanley is an early childhood professor. In today's class she is explaining the following high quality early childhood education models: Reggio, Montessori, High/Scope, and the Project Approach. In doing this, she tells her students they have critical decisions to make. What are they?

Sandra is going to observe an early childhood program based on the Montessori Method. When she enters she sees children who are independent, self-directed in a calm learning environment. Later, Sandra meets with the director who explains the five basic principles key to the Montessori Method. They include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

In a typical Montessori classroom sensory materials are used for training and developing the senses. These sensory materials include which of the following features?

Nick has attended an early childhood center using the Montessori Method since he was two years old. He is now five years old. In keeping with true Montessori practices, this means that Nick, academically, participated in exercises that encouraged ____________.

The model early childhood program that requires teachers to select learning activities based on children's interests, to facilitate active learning, and to develop sequenced goals based on key developmental indicators is _________________.

Juanita is applying for a teaching position at an early childhood center that implements the High/Scope Educational Approach. Which of the following statements is true about this model program?

The atelierista is best described as a teacher trained in ___________________.

Malaguzzi wrote a poem about the hundred languages of children. In the Reggio Approach, teachers are encouraged to create environments in which children can literally use all hundred languages to learn. In this poem the languages refer to _____________.

The High/Scope Educational Approach follows a predictable sequence of events known as the daily routine. All of the following are components of this daily routine EXCEPT __________.

High/Scope teachers emphasize the broad cognitive, social, physical, and creative abilities that are important for each child. High/Scope focuses on which of the following?

Maria Montessori contributed greatly to early childhood programs and practices. Many of her ideas are fully incorporated into early childhood classrooms. All of the following ideas came from Montessori EXCEPT which one?

Tammy is a first grade teacher and her principal wants all teachers to start using the Project Approach in the classrooms. In this method, projects provide the backbone of the children's and teacher's learning experiences and they are based on ____________.

Which of the following early childhood model programs is an excellent example of the Project Approach?

One of the most essential things common to all three model early childhood programs (Reggio, Montessori, and High/Scope) is _________________.

The following are all principles and practices of Universal Design EXCEPT ___________.

CHAPTER 7:

Child care is defined as which of the following?

Tim plans to be an early childhood education teacher because he wants to make a difference and he knows that the early years are important for young children. Today in his college classroom Tim learned that in order to thrive children need all of the following EXCEPT which one in the early years?

Working parents drive the demand for childcare and the number of working mothers will likely continue to increase. As the demand for child care increases the challenge for early childhood professionals is ____________________.

Lisa is a single parent with two children under the age of five. She works at a job that pays a little over minimum wage and lives in a housing project with other low-income families. From this information we can predict that Lisa's children will probably be cared for in which type of child care arrangement?

Cedar Works Cabinets, Inc. is a large corporation that uses Bright Horizons to manage their child care program. They feel it provides a quality service for their employees. This is an example of ______________________.

Niko stays with his grandmother while his mother attends law school in Houston and his dad works at the local deli. This is an example of __________________.

Tawna and Mike take their three year old to Ms. Jenny who provides child care in her home for 5 children in a family setting. They heard about Ms. Jenny through a book club that Mike attends on a regular basis. This is an example of _________________.

All of the following are advantages for parents when using on-site child care EXCEPT _________________.

Allen and Sandy have been married for 8 years and have two small children ages one and three. Sandy is in the military and, over the years, they have been stationed at several different bases. They have access to and use the Department of Defense (DoD) military child development system (CDS). All of the following are true statements about this child care system EXCEPT which one?

Lisa just moved to Austin, and needs a high quality child care center for her three-year-old twin boys. When she interviewed Sunshine Child Care Center she found out that they have a serious problem with continuity of care. Continuity of care means that the same primary caregiver remains with a cohort of children for more than ________________.

John and Sam need child care for their infant son. They have decided that they will only interview child care programs with an NAEYC accreditation. What is this accreditation?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one of the most important factors in maintaining your health and children's health and avoiding illness is ____________.

At first Zoe and Nathan were concerned that, due to their work schedules, they had to use child care for their son. Once they read the research, they found out that child care has many benefits for both children and families as long as it is ________________.

Safe and healthy environments go together and they are an important component of high-quality early child care programs. Healthy environments also include which of the following?

At the Sandle Child Care Center the staff is specifically trained in using responsive and close relationships with their infants and toddlers. This director understands that during the first few years of life children must feel safe in order to experience __________.

Jan is a caregiver in the two year old classroom. In order to create a respectful environment she must do all of the following EXCEPT which one?

In the area of child care issues, the largest minority group of underserved children is ___________.

A challenging environment for infants and toddlers includes all of the following EXCEPT which one?

CHAPTER 8:

One of the remarkable political events of the last decade has been the use of early childhood education to achieve federal and state educational goals and to reform education. As a result, more federal and state dollars are being poured into early childhood programs. Which of the following is a logical consequence of this increased funding?

The years before a child enters kindergarten are critical for children's futures; for the workforce; and for the role and place of _______________.

Kimberly has just been employed by the principal at Brune Elementary to teach first grade. Brune Elementary receives Title 1 funds so Kimberly will be going to staff development designed to support her in fully understanding the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). NCLB targets six fundamental areas. They include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A far ranging and significant influence of NCLB for early childhood programs is the fact that it puts emphasis on which of the following areas first?

Head Start has always been and remains a program for children of _______________.

The Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007 is aimed at helping more children arrive at kindergarten ready. This legislation focuses on all of the following areas EXCEPT which one?

Emily is a director at Head Start and they have just completed their community survey to determine strengths and resources. They now have the option to choose from any of the following programs EXCEPT which one?

Head Start prides itself on tailoring its programs to the children and families in the local community. This goal of meeting the needs of families and children at the local level is one of the program's strengths and one that makes it very popular with ___________.

Early Head Start is designed to provide year-round comprehensive child and family development services for which of the following populations?

The Dominguez family has two children and they work in seasonal agricultural labor. At this time, they have not had to move for the past three years. The Dominguez family would be classified as which type of family?

The overall results of the Head Start Impact Study were generally positive; however, the big issue is the fade-out effect of Head Start benefits to children at the end of the __________.

In 2011 all of the nation's 1600 Head Start and Early Head Start programs had to meet new performance criteria in order to have their grants renewed. Part of this is a requirement that each Head Start program's classroom quality be measured by the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). Head Start programs that do not measure up to the standards as measured by CLASS do not have their grants renewed. This is a historic event in the 50 year history of the Head Start program because it ______________________.

Head Start is a big business and serious business. It has tremendous power in the halls of congress. One of the main reasons for this power is which of the following?

The organization that helps military families find quality child care programs individualized for their family is _________________.

As indicators of what children should know and be able to do, standards are changing the ways teachers teach, how and what students learn, and the ways school operate. Some would say they have transformed teaching from which of the following?

Dr. Fields is a principal at Turner Elementary and today he is going to discuss curricular alignment with his staff. Alignment is the arrangement of standards, curriculum, and tests so that they complement one another. Dr. Fields understands that this is important in the standards movement which has at its center __________________.

All 50 states have state standards for what their students should know and be able to do but they are not uniform across the states. The public's desire for uniformity among state standards laid the foundation for which of the following?

All of the following are contributions of standards EXCEPT which one?

CHAPTER 9:

Child rearing is influenced by the culture of a particular group. All of the following are culturally based routines that affect a child's developmental outcome EXCEPT which one?

Linda and Tom have an eighteen month old baby named Jenna. They understand that the first years are critical learning years and they want to help her develop. The best way for them to do this is which of the following?

Lawanda is the director of an infant and toddler center. Which of the following facts about brain development is most critical for her to know as she hires and trains her teachers?

Dr. Fischer is a college professor in early childhood education. Today he will review the basic principles of human motor development. He will include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

According to Piaget, when infants move objects out of the way to get another object they are in which period of the sensorimotor stage?

Cynthia has a one year baby named Lettie and her grandmother keeps warning her of the terrible twos. Since Cynthia is also an early childhood educator she tries to explain to her grandmother that there is nothing terrible about this age. She tells her that at two, Lettie will be in Stage 5—the toddler stage where she will be exploring her environment to develop her ____________.

Research verifies that caregivers talk to infants and toddlers differently than adults talk to each other. This distinctive way of adapting everyday speech to young children is called motherese or parentese. All of the following are characteristics of this type of speech EXCEPT which one?

Candy is a toddler. Her mother says, "Let's go outside." Maria responds to her mother with, "Go out." Later, when her mother asks, "Did you eat your cookie?" Maria responds, "Cookie gone." In the sequence of language development, Maria is using which type of speech?

A high priority for early childhood professionals is to provide programs that support and facilitate children's language development. There are many ways to support and promote language development but the key is to _____________________.

___________ is the process by which parents or teachers become emotionally attached to infants, whereas _____________ is the lasting emotional tie between the infants and parents and/or primary caregivers.

Patti is employed and she uses a high quality early childhood center for care during the work day. Unfortunately, she is very concerned that her new baby will form an attachment with the caregiver and not with her. She decided to discuss this issue with her friend who is an early childhood professional. After talking to her friend, Patti found out _____________________________.

Mary Ainsworth developed a primary method to assess the quality of parent-child attachment. The importance of knowing and recognizing different classifications of attachment is that you can inform parents and help them engage in specific behaviors that will promote the growth of secure attachments. It is called the _________________.

Infant/toddler mental health is synonymous with ________________________.

Ever since the 2012 shooting rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary in Newtown, Connecticut, in which twenty kindergarten children and six adults were killed, the mental health movement has gained steam. All of the following are reasons for the growth of the early childhood mental health movement EXCEPT which one?

Dr. Sanchez is hiring two caregivers, one for the infant class and one for the toddler class. She understands that not everyone can provide high quality care for infants and toddlers - each age has different needs. In the infant class the caregiver must provide a learning environment that builds trust, and in the toddler classroom the caregiver must provide a learning environment that allows the children to develop _______________.

Infants and toddlers need a challenging environment where they can explore and interact with a variety of materials. The best toy for this age child is __________.

Kliff and Cory are playing in the block center. They are sitting next to each other, but they are not interacting. This is called ______________________.

Several factors influence a baby's ability to self-regulate. One factor is the child's temperament and the other is how well a teacher recognizes and responds or adapts to the child's temperament. The term for this process is called ______________.

CHAPTER 10:

Teachers, parents, and politicians view the preschool years as the ________________.

Juanita is four years old and she loves moving her body and being active. She is in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages of development?

In the preschool years, children are learning self-regulation which is the ability to plan, initiate, and complete an activity; control emotions and behaviors; delay gratification; maintain attention; respond to feedback; and build positive social relations with others. Self-regulation is also referred to as ___________.

Carla has been a preschool teacher for ten years and she is just learning how important it is to support children's initiatives in their learning. All of the following are ways that Carla can do this EXCEPT which one?

Mr. Linken is a preschool teacher. Since his children are in the preoperational stage of development, the best way he can support his children's learning is by doing which of the following?

Mrs. Viola is a preschool teacher and is hosting a parent night. One of the fathers makes this comment, "It seems that all our son can say is no - he always wants things his way." Many of the other parents agreed with his comment wondering what they should do. Mrs. Viola responded to the concerns by telling them that this type of language is common for the preschool child. She added that preschoolers want to do things for themselves and it is a sign _______________.

Nick plays well with other children, pays attention to teacher's instructions, can communicate well verbally, and eagerly participates in classroom activities. Which of the following can be said of Nick?

Tara is an early childhood professional who understands the value of play. All of the following actions will help her support a quality play curriculum EXCEPT which one?

Lawanda is sitting in her preschool classroom. At this moment she is not playing with anything or anyone, she is simply sitting without doing anything observable. According to Mildred Parten, Lawanda is in what type of social play?

Anson, a child in a preschool classroom, is rocking a baby doll and tells another child in the learning center, "Shhh! You be quiet now the baby is sleeping!" Which of the following best describes this type of play?

Children's outside play is ________________.

Which of the following is the key to having meaningful play in an early childhood program?

Research has shown that a certain type of early childhood education program helps prepare young children to succeed in school and become better citizens. Children attending this type of program actually earn more money, pay more taxes and commit fewer crimes. Which of the following show these results?

Han Ling's first experience with school starts at age four in preschool. Her teacher notices that she is very anxious, is unfamiliar with the toys and the other children, and does not readily engage in play. This teacher should do which of the following to support Han Ling in preschool?

Lara is a preschool teacher and she has set aside some specific time to observe her students at play. Through these observations, she is able to find out a wealth of information about her students and use it to become a better teacher for them. This information includes all of following EXCEPT which one?

As preschool programs have grown in number and popularity over the last decade they have also changed purposes. Preschools are now promoted as places to accomplish numerous goals including all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Mrs. Jones is opening up a preschool. Her goal is to have a high quality program for all children. Which of the following practices will help her provide this type of program?

CHAPTER 11:

Michael is about to start kindergarten. He is very excited. In his kindergarten year Michael will be part of a program that emphasizes which of the following?

All of the following are true statements about the changes in kindergarten classrooms of today EXCEPT which one?

Today 4 million children are enrolled in kindergarten in the United States.

Higher expectations for kindergarten children are not good because they can't be implemented in developmentally

Kemi is the teacher in an alternative kindergarten program. She has spent two years with the same group of "same age" children. Kemi is most likely the teacher in which of the following kindergarten programs?

Sandra is a teacher who provides a curriculum for her kindergarten students that is neither too easy nor too hard. She works hard to adjust the learning levels to children's abilities while also making it possible for her children to meet Common Core State Standards. We can say that Sandra is providing her students with a _______________ environment.

Kindergarten children, aged five to six, are in which stage of Erikson's social-emotional development?

Jessica is the teacher in an alternative kindergarten program. In her class, she teaches students between the ages of four and six. Jessica is most likely the teacher in which of the following kindergarten programs?

All of the following are reasons for the interest in literacy education EXCEPT which one?

Timothy is a kindergarten teacher and he uses word walls to enhance vocabulary learning. This year he has designed a number of activities structured around the words on the word wall. Timothy also encourages his students to take the words off of the wall and use them to help with their spelling. This type of word wall is called ___________ word wall.

The term used to explain and describe the process of how children interact with books and writing even though they cannot read in a conventional sense is called __________.

The approach to reading that is child centered and maintains that literacy education should be meaningful to children, growing out of experiences that are interesting to them is ______________________.

What is a good way for Kristin to capitalize on her students' interest in books and help them learn to read?

The 5 E Model to lesson planning is a valuable approach to lesson planning for all of the following reasons EXCEPT which one?

Teaching and caring for young children and facilitating learning that is in accordance with children's physical, cognitive, social, cultural, linguistic and gender development is known as ____________.

Teachers can help facilitate all children's transitions to kindergarten by thinking about which of the following acronyms?

Jana starts teaching kindergarten this fall and is required to teach social studies. At this grade, the social sciences most often include which of the following?

All of the following are reasons science is assuming a more important role in kindergarten EXCEPT which one?

An increasing number of children have an immune response to eating gluten which is found in wheat, barley and rye. Over time, this reaction prevents absorption of some nutrients known as malabsorption. This disease is called ______________.

Since 2004, the federal government has required that every school district participating in the national school lunch and breakfast program develop which of the following?

CHAPTER 12:

Tracy received her teaching certificate twenty years ago. She taught first grade for five years and took a leave of absence to take care of her aging parents. It is now time to return to her teaching career after fifteen years. Tracy will most likely find that ___________.

The contemporary curriculum in grades one to three is heavy on reading and _________.

Today's children are immersed in technology from the beginning of life. This means that you as a teacher need to do which of the following?

Marc is a typically developing 8 1/2 year old boy. This means he would be in which stage of Piaget's cognitive development?

Kevin is going to be a primary grade teacher. He understands the importance of mental health of children in these years. Kevin learned from his principal that he must be particularly concerned about which of the following at this age?

Who are the leading proponents of a developmental stage theory of children's moral development?

The program designed to teach a set of traditional core values that will result in civic virtue and moral character is ____________.

Janis is a second grade teacher and works hard to provide opportunities for her children to work together and practice skills for cooperative living. In fact, she designs her learning centers and activities where her children have to share and work cooperatively. Which of the following suggestions for developing pro-social skills in her children is Janis using when she does this?

Beverly is a third grade teacher who strives to teach her students the skills they need for success. Beverly is implementing which teaching practice?

Dr. Richard is a principal in an elementary school. She knows that based on research which of the following is the most important factor in student achievement?

The curriculum content of grades one, two, and three is pretty much determined by state and local standards and __________________.

The arrangement of standards, curriculum, and tests so they complement each other is known as ____________.

All of the following are essential components of Response to Instruction/Response to Intervention (RTI) EXCEPT which one?

Rhonda is a first grade teacher who frequently rotates her students into small groups based on demonstrated knowledge; interest; and/or learning style preferences. Once she does this, she targets the instruction to the needs of each group with the aim of moving all students toward high levels of achievement. In doing this we can say that Rhonda is providing ______________ for her students.

The process designed to help children use and develop strategies of independent reading is called _______________.

Lisa is a second grade teacher and this year she implemented the practice of having her students meet regularly in discussion groups to talk about books. Lisa is using which of the following practices when she does this?

Today's science teaching is ____________-.

Belinda is a second grade teacher and she integrates the creative arts in her classroom through project based learning. The creative arts most often include music, theater, dance, and art. Belinda believes very strongly as many people do that the arts do which of the following?

CHAPTER 13:

Technology is defined as which of the following?

Emily has been teaching first grade for the last 25 years and she's not adjusting well to the new technological changes and requirements of her school. She is planning to retire in the next three years. Since young children are now involved with technology, what would be the best advice to give Emily about how to support her children's technological experiences?

Young children become immersed in digital media opportunities and develop digital literacy. This includes not only traditional emergent literacy skills like reading and writing but also _________________________________________.

Kristi is a kindergarten teacher who has her students use their iPads as a learning tool throughout the school year. The children in her classroom work in small groups engaging in cooperative learning. Cooperative learning does all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Software designed for children as young as nine months is known as _________.

Tom is a kindergarten teacher who values developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) in his work with young children. To help him in selecting and implementing technology in his classroom it would be best for Tom to read the guidelines published by NAEYC and _________________________.

Many children identified with disabilities are able to participate in regular classrooms through the use of ____________________.

According to Public Law 108-364, assistive technology is "any item, device, or piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional abilities of individuals with disabilities." This law is also known as the ___________________.

Jonathon is four years old and has trouble holding a pencil. To make the pencil easier to hold, his preschool teacher put a pencil grip on his pencil. The pencil grip is an example of what type of assistive technology?

The Children's Online Privacy Act or COPPA is designed to ensure the privacy rights of children and __________________.

Darlene and her assistant are using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) to help Dana learn how to communicate her needs, wants and emotions. One of the goals they have for Dana is for her to go to her communication board/book, pick up a picture and then go and give the picture to a teacher. For example, at snack time, Dana will pick a picture of a preferred snack and give it to one of the adults in the classroom. This example refers to which of the following goals?

Jack is a second grade teacher who wants to provide quality technological experiences for his students. He should consider all of the following strategies EXCEPT which one?

Increasingly, teachers are embracing technology as an efficient and helpful way to assess children's learning. The benefits of technology-based assessment over traditional assessment methods include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Lisa is planning for the spring science fair. She wants her students to be able to develop innovative products using cross platform technology applications including Showme, Glogster, Animoto, Educreations. Lisa feels many students will choose the digital application instead of a traditional science board. In doing this, her students will be demonstrating ______________.

Twenty-first century learners must be able to __________________.

One of the most valuable teaching and learning tools in the early childhood classroom is __________________.

Today there is an assistive technology to meet the needs of _________________.

CHAPTER 14:

John is going to be a first grade teacher. As he works with his children he understands that an important part of his job is helping them develop skills useful over a lifetime. This is called _____________________.

The ability of children to order their thoughts, process information in a coherent way, hold relevant details in short-term memory, and avoid distractions and focus on the task at hand is _______________.

All of the following are important reasons for helping children become responsible EXCEPT which one?

The roots of delinquent and deviant behavior are in the teen years and this leads to future deviant behavior including

Jana has volunteered in many early childhood classrooms. In some she saw the children actively involved in meaningful activities based on local, state, and common core district standards. In others the children and teachers seemed disorganized and aimless with little real learning occurring. There are three components of a well-run classroom. They are

The theorist who believed that scaffolding is one of the ways teachers can guide children in the zone of proximal development is ________________.

As a result of guiding children's behavior - helping them guide their own behavior - children should grow to be _______________.

Sara believes in creating a learning community in her classroom. Learning communities are grounded in several key foundational practices including morning meetings, character education, teaching civility, and _________________.

The specific act of teaching children how to treat others well so that they will be treated well is known as _____________.

Nathan is a four-year-old preschooler and is working at the carpenter center. He is actively involved in his work. Nathan is trying to nail one board to another but it is not working. He asks himself out loud, "What else could I use to make it stick?" This is commonplace among young children and it plays an important role in problem solving and self-regulation. What is the proper name for this speech?

Part of guiding children's behavior means that we must promote their positive development in all dimensions: physically, socially, emotionally, mentally, linguistically, and spiritually. This is fundamental to developmentally appropriate practice and is referred to as guiding behavior of the _____________.

All of the following are suggested guidelines for creating a supportive classroom environment EXCEPT which one?

The teacher opens a dramatic play center in the classroom and talks to the children about the new area. There are props in the center and as she talks with the children, she wears the props as she includes the students in brainstorming how they are to be used and where they might be stored. Later, as the children are working in the center, the teacher joins in the play and reviews the standards for using the new materials. Which of the following techniques of modeling appropriate behaviors did the teacher employ?

Expectations set the boundaries for desired behavior. All of the following are true statements about establishing appropriate expectations EXCEPT which one?

The teacher is trying to help William develop independence and responsibility for his behavior. Which of the following interaction strategies is most appropriate to support William in learning to make responsible choices?

Which of the following is an example of supervision?

Ignoring some inappropriate behavior can be an effective strategy but it must be combined with which of the following?

Joey knocked over Tom's block tower. Which of the following responses will be most helpful in promoting the development of empathy?

The following reinforcement is given out by teachers, adults, peers, or parents who express praise and approval for appropriate behavior. It may be verbal such as "good job!" It may be written with a smiley face or it may be in the form of an expression such as a smile, a pat on the back, or a wink. It is called _________________.

CHAPTER 15:

Which of the following best defines cultural competence?

All of the following examples show the teacher practicing cultural competence EXCEPT which one?

Multicultural infusion means which of the following?

All of the following are guidelines teachers should follow for teaching multiculturalism EXCEPT which one?

Ralph is a kindergarten teacher and once he gets to know his students and their families, he carefully selects books that emphasize their lives including their habits, customs, and general living and working behaviors. Ralph understands the importance of quality in his multicultural literature selections. This approach to fostering cultural awareness avoids merely noting differences or teaching only about habits and customs, it stresses similarities and differences regarding how children and families _____________.

The collection of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that result from the assumption that one sex is superior is called _____________.

All of the following are steps in conflict resolution EXCEPT which one?

Two children are coloring pictures of themselves. One child says, "Look, my skin is brown and yours is white." Which of the following is the best response from the teacher?

The goal of an antibias curriculum is to help children learn to _____________.

The program for students with limited English proficiency that specifically targets students with weak literacy skills in their home language is called ____________. The content in this program is taught in both languages and the goal is to learn literacy in two languages.

The great diversity of young children in American schools creates interesting challenges for you and all early childhood teachers. These challenges include all of the following EXCEPT which one?

The key to a multicultural classroom is _____________.

Sally is a first grader and is enrolled in a program that uses English and Spanish to teach students. Some of the students speak English as their primary language and some speak Spanish. The goal is to develop strong skills and proficiency in both languages. In the morning the students receive their instruction in English and in the afternoon their instruction is in Spanish. Sally will stay in the program throughout elementary school. From this information, we can say that Sally is in which of the following programs?

In order to prevent disproportionate representation of diverse learners in special education, a teacher should ensure that he/she has done which of the following?

Nathan is a first grade teacher and is training himself to identify words that have a sexist connotation. For example he realized all of the following words are masculine terms EXCEPT which one?

Even our youngest students are aware of human diversity. Children are keen observers of the differences that exist between themselves and their classmates as well as between themselves and their teachers. In regards to teaching tolerance in our schools we must remember ___________________.

LaShonda is a first grade teacher and starts each day in a designated open space in her classroom where all her children sit facing one another. During this time, everyone greets one another by name using their primary language. One student reads a daily affirmation that suggests ways to build trust and relationships. At this time, LaShonda sees herself as an equal participant in her classroom community. This classroom ritual is known as ______________________.

CHAPTER 16:

You will be teaching in an inclusive classroom. Today's teacher is a teacher of all children regardless of ability or disability. This means that in addition to guiding your teaching and professional development with the NAEYC Standards for Professional Preparation, you should also be guided by the __________________________.

Sheila has an identified learning disability. Her teacher is in the process of seeing that she receives the education and services that she needs to achieve her potential. Unfortunately, about _______________ percent of the nation's students have some type of disability.

All of the following are categories of identified disabilities in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) EXCEPT ___________.

Dr. Lara is the principal at Roundtree Elementary. Right now she is in an IEP with a family and tells them that if there is ever a disagreement, they have access to mediation and/or hearings before an impartial hearing officer or judge. Dr. Lara is telling this family about one of the seven basic principles of IDEA. Which one is it?

The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) is a federal act providing free and appropriate education to youth. Part B of IDEA is the foundation upon which all special education and related services rests. Specifically, Part B benefits students between the ages of _________________.

Amy and Laura have a child with Down's Syndrome who is 2 months old. They understand that their baby has special needs. The process of helping children ages zero to three with disabilities begins with _____________________.

Sandra is taking a course in special education. Today the professor is discussing a continuum of services. Sandra learned that a continuum of services implies a full and graduated range of services available for all individuals. For students with disabilities, a continuum of services would identify ___________________ as the most restrictive and _________________as the least restrictive.

______________ is a complex developmental disability that appears during the first three years of life, is a neurological disorder that affects the normal functioning of the brain, and impacts the development of a child in the areas of social interaction and communication skills.

Liam and Natalie have a five year old child named Tommy who has just been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders involving the brain that affects __________________.

To be classified as having ADHD, a student must display at least six of the characteristics of ADHD, to a degree that is maladaptive and inconsistent with developmental level, for ___________________.

Which of the following facts about ADHD is supported by research?

With regards to ADHD and gender, researchers have found which of the following statements to be true?

ADHD is diagnosed about three times more often in boys than in girls

Sandra is a student identified with ADHD and has a hard time staying on task. Her teacher has tried seating Sandra next to her and seating her next to another student who is a good role model but neither has worked. Sandra is still having a hard time staying on task. Which of the following is the best strategy this teacher might try next in accommodating Sandra in the classroom?

Shandra is in the second grade and is homeless. She does not know where she will be sleeping tonight and if she will get to eat. All of the following are true statements about our homeless children EXCEPT which one?

Response to Intervention/Response to Instruction (RTI) is successful because it _________________.

Cheryl is a child who has muscular dystrophy and uses a wheel chair which makes it difficult for her to play with other children. Her family recently acquired a service dog for her to use at all times. They were told that children who use animal assisted therapy often improve in all of the following areas EXCEPT which one?

Allowing students who are gifted and talented to progress academically at their own pace in their regular classroom is called ______________.

Children identified as gifted and talented receive services through the ____________.

CHAPTER 17:

Parent-school cooperation, collaboration, and education is the new normal in many elementary schools around the country. One increasingly popular approach is for schools to conduct a Parent University. This refers to which of the following:

At no other time in U.S. educational history has support for family and community involvement in schools and programs been so high. The involvement of families and communities is seen as critical for all of the following EXCEPT which one?

Which one of the following practices can hinder the involvement of single and working parents in the school?

All of the following are strategies for holding successful home visits EXCEPT which one?

All of the following are suggested strategies for working with linguistically diverse parents EXCEPT which one?

Gina is a teenage mom. Which of the following is a true statement about teenage parents today?

Teenage pregnancy is declining and is at its lowest in two decades.

Mindy is a teenage mother. She like other teenage mothers will need support in all of the following areas EXCEPT which one?

Tom and Charles are in a committed partnership and have just adopted a child. What do the studies show about the development of this child who is going to be raised in a LGBT family arrangement?

"Get on the Bus" is a community program that ___________________________-.

At Linda's school parents and other family members receive training as classroom aides, club and activity sponsors, curriculum planners, and policy decision makers. This is considered which type of parental involvement?

Sarah and Kim have a child that attends the first grade. They both love being involved in the school and so they work with the telephone hotline. Together with other trained volunteers they "man" the phones at specific times to help allay fears and provide information relating to child abuse, communicable diseases, and special events. This is considered which type of parental involvement?

Significant parent involvement occurs through well-planned and well-conducted conferences between families and early childhood professionals. In the past these were called parent-teacher conferences, today, in light of the diversity and changes in our families, a better term might be _________________.

John is a first grade teacher and is interested in communicating with his families electronically. He is also aware that not all families have access to the Internet and so he is determined to provide families without Internet access the same information he provides to those with Internet access. This means that John is aware of which of the following?

Which of the following is true, in most instances, about children attending a parent-teacher conference?

Today's service families are unique in which of the following ways?

In the United States, 1 in every 34 adults is in jail or prison, probation, or on parole. This means that at least 2.7 million minor children in the U.S. have a parent in prison. This is an alarming statistic because children with an incarcerated parent are 2 to 3 times more likely to do which of the following?

Nationwide, nearly 10% of kindergarteners and first graders are chronically absent from school. Chronic absence is defined as _________________.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Amendment Act (2004) strengthened the role of parents in the process of special education for their children. All of the following are protected rights under this amended law EXCEPT which one?