Which of the following is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession?
The ability to influence the lives of young people
Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect
Protection from arbitrary dismissal
Normal schools were important because they
represented the earliest form of professional teacher education
To demonstrate their expertise, teachers undergoing NBPTS certification must
demonstrate understanding of the most effective teaching methods
Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs
Focus on apprenticeships and on-the-job training.
The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to
assess and certify highly competent teachers.
Horace Mann helped establish the first
state-supported normal school.
Jean is a new teacher at the end of her second year. When she meets with her principal to discuss her performance for the year and her assignment for the following school year, the principal will probably rely on Jean's
evaluative observations.
When teachers initially enter the classroom environment, their primary focus tends to be
survival.
Compared to resumes, portfolios
take a more creative approach to highlighting a candidate's skills.
Helena believes that her main goal as a teacher is to transfer the knowledge and values that her students will need to do well when they graduate and move into society. She strives to have her students learn to be academically proficient and to instill her students with values such as respect, diligence, and practicality. Based on what you have learned, Helena would rely on
teacher-centered philosophies.
An essentialist would argue that essentialism
is an effective way to help develop a common culture among Americans.
As a teacher, Richard wants his students to develop rational thought and think rigorously. He feels that he should prepare his brightest students for future leadership and responsibility, and he wants to prepare his other students to be good at whatever jobs they do after graduation. For his college-bound students, he urges them to choose liberal arts schools that allow students to pursue truth, beauty, and wisdom as opposed to "simply getting a piece of paper that leads to a job." Based on what you have learned, Richard's views represent
perennialism.
Progressivism's foremost educational advocate was
John Dewey.
John Dewey founded a famous experimental school to test his ideas. That school was
the Laboratory School.
If you were to walk into a progressivist classroom, you would find teachers
acting as facilitators for their students.
Unlike existentialists, ________ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment.
behaviorists
The use of a system of positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior is based on
behaviorism.
The Socratic method involves
questioning the student to draw out answers.
A key aspect of teaching in a constructivist classroom is
understanding each student's prior knowledge and understanding.
Education became a state responsibility through the
Tenth Amendment.
Which of the following BEST describes the influence of the federal government on education?
Although the Constitution prescribes no clear role for the federal government in education, federal influence is strong and growing.
The name most closely associated with progressive education is
John Dewey.
The decision outlawing racial segregation in schools was
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
The name most closely associated with the common school movement is
Horace Mann.
In early colonial times, education was aimed at
saving souls through religious instruction
Benjamin Franklin's Academy upheld all of the following principles regarding education EXCEPT that
education should be available to all children regardless of economic class
Which one of the following features of U.S. education today CANNOT be traced to colonial times?
teacher competency tests
The "Old Deluder Satan Law" of 1647 required that
Massachusetts provide education for young people.
The common school movement represented
the effort to establish public elementary schooling
Local communities raise most of their educational revenues through
property tax.
Which of the following best describes the system of funding U.S. schools?
very decentralized, with local and state governments bearing most of the costs
In the last fifty years or so, state funding for schools
has increased dramatically
What was the importance of Edgewood v. Kirby?
A state supreme court found that gross differences in per-pupil expenditures violated the state constitution.
Which of the following declared education a fundamental right under California state law and led to a wave of reform in state funding of schools?
Serrano v. Priest
An "adequate education"
focuses on educational outcomes
State governments typically do NOT
hire school personnel
The bond method of financing
creates a government loan for infrastructure needs.
How much of the cost of public education does the federal government typically fund?
less than 10 percent
What are the biggest sources of state funding for schools?
sales and personal income taxes
In San Antonio v. Rodriguez, the Supreme Court decided that
the then-current finance system did not violate the U.S. Constitution.
State constitutions guarantee the right to an "adequate education" including all the following characteristics EXCEPT
uniform statewide test scores.
What does Education Secretary Arne Duncan's "Race to the Top" competition set aside funding for?
states with the most innovative plans for improving their schools
under the American Recovery and Revitalization Act, a failing school that is "reconstituted" would
be closed and reopened with significant changes, a new principal, and new teachers
A call for accountability in schools means that people want
evidence that increased financial support results in educational progress.
Individual states retain responsibility for education due to the
Tenth Amendment.
The chief state school officer manages
implementation of the policies of the board of education.
Local school board members tend to be
white, male, and middle or upper class.
A school superintendent
is the most powerful education officer in the district.
The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as
extensive and growing.
It is illegal for prospective employers to question an applicant's
age
Which statement best describes the use of corporal punishment in U.S. education?
Corporal punishment is legal in some states and prohibited in others.
School teachers who participate in strikes
are prohibited in over half of states, but in practice are rarely prosecuted.
A teacher who suspects a child is the victim of child abuse
has both an ethical responsibility and a legal responsibility to report the suspected abuse.
The principle of spontaneity can protect a teacher who uses a published work as a teaching tool if
the teacher has an inspiration to use a work but no time to receive permission
When a teacher's private life is called into question by the courts, a governing principle that determines whether or not the teacher may be dismissed is often
whether there is substantial disruption of the educational process.
The principle protecting a teacher's right to teach without coercion, censorship, or other restrictive interference
is known as "academic freedom."
A child who is expelled for bringing nail clippers to school is probably feeling the consequence of
a zero-tolerance policy.
The Buckley Amendment ensures the rights of ________ to access educational records
parents and guardians
A teacher being fired for creating timely lesson plans about ethnic and religious differences would most likely be able to regain his or her job based on
academic freedom.
The sequence of planned learning experiences described in course guides and syllabi is called
the formal curriculum or explicit curriculum
A major difference between the formal and the hidden curriculum is
the hidden curriculum arises spontaneously from interactions between students and their environments.
The formal curriculum of the 17th century was primarily concerned with
religion and reading.
The strong emphasis on the basics and academics during the 1980s was due to
lower test scores, coupled with critical reports about the American education system.
Teachers shape the curriculum by
supplementing an official curriculum with other materials and objectives.
Advantages of the statewide textbook adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT
more options for teachers at the local level
Proposed content standards were quite controversial in which content area?
history
Standardized testing has been criticized for
failing to consistently correlate with other measures of student learning
One of the criticisms of the textbook industry is the tendency to include a great deal of content in a superficial way. This is known as
the mentioning phenomenon.
Which of the following statements about the extracurriculum is FALSE?
High school boys and girls participate in varsity sports in equal numbers.
Sternberg describes gifted and talented students as
having wisdom.
Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving accurate diagnosis of individual needs?
Appropriate Education
Learning styles are affected by the ________ abilities of the students.
physiological, affective, cognitive
The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of
the Brown v. Board of Education decision.
Learning styles can best be characterized as
unique to the individual.
Which of the following has NOT been given as a reason for single-sex schools?
Girls' science and math genes are developed in single sex schools.
Research shows that the gifted
suffer from feelings of isolation.
How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?
We are broadening our understanding of intelligence beyond traditional language and mathematical-logical factors.
The Lab School of Washington builds its curriculum around
the arts.
Which form of special need has increased tenfold in only two decades?
autism
Philip Jackson calls teachers gatekeepers because
they direct the flow of classroom interaction.
"Soft bias" refers to
the lowering of teachers' academic expectations for poor children
Research indicates that because of noninstructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.) teachers lose what percentage of instructional time?
about 25 percent
To avoid the stigma of the label "tracking," which of the following terms is being used by schools for the system by which students are assigned to a position within an academic range or level?
ability grouping
John Goodlad found that teachers
vary considerably in how efficiently they use time.
Which of the following claims about tracking is supported by research?
Tracking by class (socioeconomic status) is one of the oldest of school traditions.
In Life in Classrooms, Philip Jackson characterizes school life as
busy teachers working with students, often forced to delay or deny their needs.
Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?
Only two-thirds of children live in two-parent households.
Which of the following statements is true?
Up to a half of America's children report being bullied at least once a month.
Latchkey children
are generally from educated families.
Who was John Goodlad?
the author of A Place Called School, a study examining the purposes of schooling
When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate school goals in a study,
vocational, personal, academic, and social and civic goals were all rated "very important."
Educators such as Arthur Bestor and Ernest Boyer have concluded that
U.S. schools have taken responsibility for too many policies and goals.
Immediately after the release of A Nation at Risk, most school reformers focused on
reducing electives and increasing courses required for graduation from high school.
In a 1918 school reform study by the NEA Committee of Ten, members focused on
preparing adults for their life roles.
The neighborhood public school is
in competition with magnet schools, charter schools, and even for-profit schools.
Charter schools typically enjoy
permission to operate for a fixed length of time.
What principle do Educational Maintenance Organizations follow?
Profits can be realized by investing in education.
In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established criteria to
determine the legality of government funds used in religious schools.
All of the following are goal areas in John Goodlad's definition of the purpose of school EXCEPT to
become more accepting of individual differences.
Engaged time is
time students are actively involved with academic subject matter.
One downside of computers is
they impose a potential health risk
In order to promote more efficient use of classroom time, classroom rules should b
few and fair.
Teachers who demonstrate "withitness" are
aware of all students' behavior in the classroom at all times.
Group alerting is a technique designed to
keep students' attention by addressing questions to the class, then naming the student to respond.
Arno Bellack's pedagogical cycle features these "moves":
structure, question, respond, react.
The amount of time a teacher typically waits to call on a student after asking a question is
one second or less.
The most frequent teacher reaction is
acceptance
Direct teaching is
teacher presentation of new material, followed by directed practice and feedback.
How does differentiated instruction organize instructional activities?
around student needs rather than content