memorization of Scripture and the practice of biblical principles were more important than academic subjects
the puritans' view of education was...
religious purposes, helped secular aspects of society develop and prosper, and they provided students with the skills necessary to participate in commerce
first colonial schools were established for...
"Boarding 'round"
What was a practice in the 18th century that involved teachers living with students' families for about a week?
inventor, philosopher, believer in useful arts
Benjamin Franklin was...
respected women w/ little or no formal education, in the teacher's home, parents paid the teacher to have their children educated
In dame schools teachers were... classes were held where... the teacher received pay from...
tuition to send their children to school and they learned higher levels of reading, writing, arithmetic, and classical literature, they were the forerunners of modern high schools
In Latin Grammar Schools parents paid... the students learned...
Massachusetts Act of 1642
What was the first compulsory education law in the New World?
that every town of 50 or more households must provide a school even though no funding is attached to the act. This helped improve the literacy rate of the New England Colonies
What did the Old Deluder Satan Act est.?
the alphabet and included the Lord's Prayer and the Ten Commandments
The New England Primer had a spelling guide based on what...
astronomy classes, navigation courses, and student choice in course selection
Franklin Academies had classes in what...
gave slaves the opportunity to learn to read and write
Town schools were created to do what...
Noah Webster
Who was the "Schoolmaster of the Republic" who published the American Spelling Book?
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
What was the legislative act that divided federally owned wilderness land into townships and it required the building of schools?
free schools would mean fewer private school students, that they decreased the workforce of children who opted for school instead of jobs, and that an overeducated citizenry might question authority
What were some objections to the idea of a common school?
the opening of the English Classical School in 1821
What marked the beginning of public high schools?
Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, and Maria Montessori
What 3 educators made a significant impact on the field of early childhood education?
provide formal training for teachers
What was the purpose of Normal Schools?
her work with African American children
What was Prudence Crandall best known for?
prohibit the education of slaves
What was the purpose of the Black Codes?
education is life, not just preparation for life, learning should be directly related to the interests of the child, and that cooperation among students should be emphasized more than competition
What are the basic principles of progressive education?
Mary McLeod Bethune; train female African American teachers
Who est. a school in Florida and what did the school do?
National Defense Education Act of 1958
What legislative act called for the strengthening of science, math, and foreign language programs?
Brown v. Board of Education
What was the court ruling that declared that segregating children based solely on race was wrong and illegal?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
What was the legislative acts that withheld federal funds from schools that discriminated against students based on race, color, or national origin?
renewed attention to education and resulted in new proposals for reform and improvement, introduction of restructuring, including year-round schools, longer school days, and longer school years
What did the publication of "A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform" do for education?
defined as love of wisdom, a means of answering fundamental questions, and a vibrant way of discovering and expressing ways of being and acting
What is philosophy?
its the teacher's love of wisdom regarding teaching, an expression of attitudes and actions every day in the classroom and a fluid statement that changes and grows with experience
What is a teacher's philosophy of education?
progressivism, social reconstructionism, and existentialism
What is a student-centered approach to teaching?
essentialism and perennialism
What approaches are considered teacher-centered?
ideas that children are capable of integrating aspects of the world around them through the use of their senses, that children ages 9-12 are the ideal participants in her methods, and that environments should be carefully constructed to provide children only the environment that aligns w/ the Montessori scholl philosophy
Maria Montessori's beliefs about early childhood education include...
essentialism
If at a school, rules are paramount and are taken very seriously, the curriculum focuses on a traditional core of classes, and the teachers focus heavily on standards and testing. Then that school's philosophy of education is...
writings of Homer, Shakespeare, Melville, and Einstein
The writings of who is an essential component of curriculum in the philosophy of education called perennialism...
that teachers are facilitators and coaches, that students are unique, active, and self-motivated, and that the learning environment should be safe for risk-taking and it should be stimulating
What do progressives believe?
that teachers should instill a sense of responsibility for humanity, that students should be involved in social issues, and that the curriculum should emphasize equity
What are the principles of social reconstructionism?
A. S. Neill
The Summerhill School in England that emphasized learning by discovery was founded by who?
George Counts, Paulo Friere, and Ivan Illich
The following educators were major proponents of social reconstrucionism...
existentialist
If a teacher believes that they should promote individual learning and should teach the whole child and that knowledge leads to self-discovery and that instruction should include alternatives and choices, and should require decision making then they are likely a what in their philosophy?
idealism
The philosophy based on the belief that ideas are the only reliable form of reality is called...
believe that the needs of the individual are more important than the needs of society, that young children are born good, pure, and full of curiosity, and that children should be validated with opportunities to explore and manipulate elements of their environment
Proponents of romanticism believe what...
John Dewey
Who was the most prominent of all the proponents of progressivism?
social reconstruction
What is the philosophy that seeks to change society rather than just teach about it?
eclectic approach
Picking and choosing among the components of several philosophies to create an individual philosophy is referred to as...
perennialism
What is the philosophy which contends that curriculum is set and unchanging?
Philosophy
What enters into every decision a teacher makes?
progressivism
A teacher who primarily facilitates, coaches, and encourages likely has an anchor philosophy of what?
existentialism
What philosophy is least likely to initiate service-learning?
perennialism
What is the philosophy that is least likely to give students choices?
postmodernism
What philosophy grew out of a sense that those in power control those who don't have power?
through the study of the material world is espoused by realists
What is the only way to know anything?
says that education is more than preparation for life, but rather it is life itself
What is the philosophy of progressisism?
