Jim Crow
racial segregation laws that maintained white supremacy
Segregation
the separation of blacks and white; this was also a way to maintain white supremacy in urban areas
Miscegenation
interracial sexual relations
Lynching
mob torture and killing mainly black males that did not "know their place" in the deep south
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
beginning of the Jim Crow era; separate but equal does not violate civil rights
Brown v.
Board of Education (1954)
segregated schools violates the civil rights of children
Sharecropping
sustains race relations in rural areas; dominant means of agricultural production in the south
Crop lien
system that keeps the sharecropper in debt so they are tied down to working for the same landowner until their debt is paid off
Chattel slavery
ownership of humans
Racism
having prejudice and power towards another race
Dolls test
a test that was performed to show how children react to different races (skin color)
Cult of Southern Womanhood
idealization of white women in a particular social class
War on drugs
a campaign designed to reduce illegal drug trade
White-flight
something specifically designed for whites only
Gentrification
a shift towards wealthier residents or businesses in a community in order to detriment the poorer residents
Kock brothers
right winged conservative millionaires
Memoir
story that someone writes about their own life
Carter Plantation
the first plantation that Essie Mae lived on
George Lee
Essie Mae's eight year old uncle that would watch after her and beat her
Adline
Essie Mae's younger sister
Bush
Essie Mae's father's best friend who was killed
Florence
Bush's widowed wife
Junior
Essie Mae's younger brother
Aunt Cindy
they lived with her for awhile; she has six kids
The Cooks
gave Essie Mae's mother a job for two week; grew corn on their plantation
Reverend Cason
Essie Mae's school teacher at Mount Pleasant
Ed
Essie Mae's uncle that took care of her played with her outside (hunting, etc.)
Sam and Walter
Ed's brothers and Essie Mae's mother's half brothers
Raymond
a soldier and then retired soldier that Essie Mae's mother has two children with and eventually takes the family in to live with them
Miss Pearl
Raymond's mother who doesn't treat Essie Mae's mother right or pay attention to her
James
the first child born from Raymond and Essie Mae's mother; lives with Miss Pearl
Johnsons
another plantation owner that Essie Mae's family lives on (teacher and rancher)
Miss Ola
Mr. Jonhson's mother who sometimes looks after Essie Mae and makes her take care of her; she lets her sleep with her in her big bed
Mrs. Claiborne
sells milk to the Moodys and spoils Essie Mae when she starts working for her
Aunt Caroline
midwife that delivered all of the Moodys
Alberta
Essie Mae's aunt (her mother's sister)
Mount Pleasant
the church that the Moodys used to attend before they lived with Raymond; Essie Mae gets baptized here just because her mother and sister Jones force her to
Centreville Baptist
the church that Raymond's family attends and Essie Mae enjoys going to
Cherie and Darlene
Essie Mae's half sisters that she plays with but then starts disliking when they compete for grades and ignore her in public
Reverend Polk
the pastor at Centreville Baptist and he killed someone; he has a white beard that Essie Mae is curious about
Reverend Tyson
the new pastor at Mount Pleasant; he baptizes Essie Mae
Sister Jones
a member of Mount Pleasant that always tries to convince Essie Mae along with other teenagers to join the church
Emmett Till
a 14 year old boy from Chicago who was killed in Mississippi for whistling at a white woman
Jennie Ann
another of Essie Mae's sisters (youngest sister)
Ralph
another of Essie Mae's brothers (youngest)
Mrs. Rice
one of Essie Mae's teachers who got fired teaching her about the NAACP and other things regarding this
Mr. Fox
the deputy sheriff who had an affair with one of Essie Mae's classmates (Bess)
Donna and Johnny
Linda Jean's children who Essie Mae babysits for
Ed Cassidy
the town sheriff who eventually helps Essie Mae run away from her mother and Raymond
Jerry
one of Essie Mae's brothers a boy in Centerville who was beaten
Taplin family
their house was burned down by white people in the community
Mr.
Banks
a wealthy, yellow mulatto
Bertha
uncle Ed's wife
Mrs. Jetson
a woman who hires Essie Mae for work in Baton Rouge
Susie
a girl that Essie Mae works with at the Ourso family shoe store in Baton Rouge who betrays her
Mr. Hicks
Essie Mae's basketball coach who has a crush on her
Billy, Ray, Sue, and Judy
some friends of Wayne's that Essie Mae tutors in algebra
Wayne
Mrs. Burke's son who Essie Mae tutors in algebra. Wayne has a crush on Essie Mae and Mrs.
Burke forbids them from seeing each other
Mrs. Crosby
Mrs. Burke's mother who looks after Essie Mae and has her best interest
Mrs. Hunt
Mrs.
Burke's neighbor who hires Essie Mae until she goes to New Orleans
Celia
Essie Mae's aunt who she stays with in New Orleans
Sis
one of Essie Mae's aunts that lives with her aunt Celia. She works with Essie Mae at the chicken plant
Eddie
the friend of Sis' who tells Essie Mae and Sis about work at the chicken plant
Johnny
Celia's husband
Mr. Willis
the principal at Essie Mae's high school
Winnie
Essie Mae's grandmother
Lily-white
one of the workers at the restaurant that Winnie and Essie Mae work at and also a stripper
Lola
scary worker that works at the restaurant with Essie Mae
Samuel O'Quinn
a man who was shot at night in Centerville
Mr. Leon and Miss Clara
neighbor's of Essie Mae who take her to the sheriff and help her run away
Emma
Essie Mae's stepmother (her father's wife)
Wilbert
Emma's brother in law who accidentally shoots her while aiming for his wife and kids
integration
the opposite of segregation; bringing blacks and whites together
NAACP
national association for the advancement of colored people
human rights
moral standards that set out principles of behavior
pigmentocracy
status depends on skin color; discrimination based on skin color
freedom riders
civil rights activists who rode buses in segregated towns
apartheid
a system of racial segregation in South Africa
Montgomery bus boycott
a protest campaign against racial segregation on public transportation in Montgomery, AL
Voting rights act 1965 and Civil rights act 1964
passes by President Johnson knowing he would turn the South over to the republican party; by passing these, he is acknowledging racism in the South
vigilante
a member of a volunteer group organized to punish by crime without a jury
meritocracy
status based on the application of ones merit
affirmative action
programs used to improve job opportunities for those who have been disadvantaged in the past
dissent
to hold a belief that is opposite of what the majority holds
suffrage
the right to vote
nativism
the policy of protecting the rights of native born inhabitants against those of immigrants
Islamaphobia
hatred or prejudice against Muslims