Chapter 32-Pediatric Emergencies

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature

When caring for an infant who was found apneic and cyanotic and was resuscitated by the parent or caregiver, you should

The MOST common cause of dehydration in children is

When caring for an ill 5-year-old male, you should

Pale skin in a child indicates that the

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called a

Which of the following statements regarding a decreased level of consciousness in the elderly patient is correct?

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) meningitis b) severe infection c) hyperglycemia d) child abuse

Which of the following factors is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because

Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of

Which of the following should make you MOST suspicious for child abuse? a) Willingness of the child to speak b) Worried or crying parents c) A laceration to the child's chin d) Bruises in various stages of healing

Children with Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) would MOST likely present with

When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that

The first month of life after birth is MOST appropriately referred to as the

An infant's fontanels should close completely by the time he or she is

When caring for a child with suspected meningitis, it is MOST important for the EMT-B to

When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen

A child may begin to show signs of stranger anxiety as early as

Common complications associated with central intravenous (IV) lines include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) clotting of the line b) rupture of a central vein c) bleeding around the line d) a local infection

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? A.mother younger than 20 years B.mother smoked during pregnancy C.low birth weight D.putting a baby to sleep on his or her back

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

Bruising to the _______ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse

Which of the following statements regarding pediatric trauma is MOST correct? a) Children are less likely than adults to be struck by a car b) Children are more likely to experience diving-related injuries c) The child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's d) Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma

The primary mechanism that a child's body uses to compensate for decreased perfusion is

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler

Which of the following statements regarding use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) in children is MOST correct?

During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) scalding water in a bathtub b) entrapment in a structural fire c) exposure to caustic chemicals d) hot items on a stovetop

Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:

Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the ventilator is malfunctioning. You should

Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between

The EMT-B should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence? a) Why did your child ingest the poison? b) What time did the ingestion occur? c) Do you know what substance was ingested? d) Have you noticed any signs or symptoms?

When a child experiences a blunt chest injury

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is MOST correct? a) The preschool age begins after the child turns 2 years old b) They realize that injuries are not a form of punishment c) They can usually identify painful areas when questioned d) Preschoolers are usually not fearful of pain or separation

Critical burns in children include

When assessing an 8-year old child, you should

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? (Needs options)

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is MOST correct? a) SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection b) Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months of age c) The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy d) Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable

When a child is struck by a car, the area of the greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) headache and fever b) an altered mental status c) a stiff or painful neck d) sunken fontanels

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? a) Loss of consciousness b) Seizures and hypoxia c) Nausea and vomiting d) Spinal cord injury

The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ____ breaths per minute.

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A.wheezing B.stridorous breathing C.a cough that resembles the bark of a seal D.a weak cough

After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: A.infection B.electrolyte imbalances C.hyperglycemia D.poisonings or ingestion

A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as:

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious, but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an unconscious infant or child, you must:

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are:

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Febrile seizures in a child:

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may:

when assessing the heart rate of a 6 month old infant. you should palpate the brachial pulse or _____ pulse.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:

Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is:

A common cause of shock in an infant is:

Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask?

When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should:

Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if:

Which of the following statement regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct?

The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children:

Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct?

The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by__ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by__ months of age

Which of the following statement regarding a 3 month old infant is correct?

A 6 year old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. the child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars, he is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should:

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than___years.

When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag mask device, the EMT should:

The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to:

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

A 4 year old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and had skin burns around her mouth. You should:

A 2 year old female has experienced a seizure. when you arrive at the scene, that child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18 month old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to:

Infection should be a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is:

An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by

Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT

Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should

A 6 month old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect

The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag mask ventilations is to:

All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: A.quiet breathing B.belly breathing C.fear or anxiety D.head bobbing

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

When administering oxygen to a frightened child, it would be MOST appropriate to

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should

When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should

If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than __lb.

An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum based product because it may