The Puritan minister Thomas Hooker
founded what became part of the colony of Connecticut
When the Virginia Company gave control of the Virginia colony to the king in 1624
Virginia became the first royal colony
Of the half million people who left England 1607 and 1700
more went to the West Indies than to North America
For most New Englanders, Indians represented
savagery
In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males
were landowning church members
Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go
Virginia
Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s
because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic
Anne Hutchinson
opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace
Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as
dangerous to social harmony and community stability
It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when
the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post
Puritans followed the religious ideas of French-born theologian
John Calvin
Which statement about women in the early Virginia colony is False
Women consisted of about half of white population
The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was
to be unquestioned
Who of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers?
Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them
In Puritan marriages
reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal
Which ones of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England , who reigned from 1553 to 1558?
She temporarily restored Catholicism as the state of religion of England.
John Winthrop followed which one of the following policies toward Native Americans?
He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority
Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?
They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines
Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:
was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia leglilature in 1691
In what ways was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?
Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace
In the 1681 painting of David, notable as the only known contemporary portrait of a New England Indian, shows that by the late seventeenth century:
English manufactured goods had become an important part of Indians lives
Opechancanough
mounted a surprise attack in 1622 that wiped out one-quarter of Virginia's settlers
Which of the following is NOT a way that colonist undermined traditional Native American agriculture and hunting?
Their refusal to build fences and permanent structures created conflict with Native American hunting methods
A central element in the definition of English liberty was
the right to a trial by jury
The Levellers
called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy
What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty
land
Which one of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-Catholic conflict?
The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration
Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the class based society of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
The General Court banned ordinary people from wearing the garb of gentlemen
In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region life in New England
was more family oriented
Boston Merchants
challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control
What god fortune helped the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?
Native Americans had recently cleared the fields for planting
In the Pequot War of 1637:
Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots
Which one of the following is true of poverty in seventeenth-century Great Britain?
About half of the population lived at or below the poverty line by the end of the seventeenth century
Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert
wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people
Virginia's colonial policy of requiring Native Americans to move to reservations:
followed a precedent established by the English in Ireland
Which one of the following spurred increased European interest in colonizing North America?
national and religious rivalries
In Great Britain, the idea of working for wages:
was associated with servility and the loss of liberty
Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?
Although, they felt the natives had not claim since the did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians
Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?
settlers farming the land
The Mayflower Compact established:
a civil government for the Plymouth colony
A consequence of the English Civil War of the 1640's was:
an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty
Puritan women:
were said to achieve freedom by embracing subjection to their husbands authority
To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headlight system, which:
provided land to settlers who paid their own passage
The Native American leader Powhatan
managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes
Why did Puritans decided to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s?
The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings
How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?
They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minster
At Anne Hutchinson's trial
she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible
Why did the Pilgrims flee the Netherlands?
They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children
How did John Winthrop view a woman's liberty?
Once a woman married a man, she was his subject
During the reign of _____, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.
Elizabeth I
In Puritan New England:
infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier
How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?
It instituted the headlight system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage
As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:
efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis
The Virginias House of Burgesses
was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival
The Massachusetts General Court:
reflected the Puritans desire to govern the colony without outside interference
Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown?
The death rate was extraordinarily high
Maryland was similar to Virginia in that
tobacco proved crucial to it economy and society
The marriages between John Rolfe and Pocahontas
was seen in England as a sign of Anglo-Indian harmony and missionary success
In New England towns
much of the land remained in commons, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers
The Half-Way Covenant of 1662:
did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership
The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:
were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society
What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?
He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good
How did Richard Hakluty explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?
English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny
In 1607, the colonist who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships
Chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships
The Diggers of Great Britain:
influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World
Tobacco production in Virginia
enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government
What does the seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony imply?
that the Indians wished for the English to come over and help liberate them
Why was the death rate in early Jamestown so high?
It lay beside a malarial swamp
The Magna Carta
granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons
In the seventeenth century, New England's economy:
centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber
Roger Williams argued that:
church and state must be totally separated
Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration
Maryland
In the economic exchanges between the English colonist and eastern Native Americans:
Native Americans initially welcomed the colonists' goods
Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?
Native Americans
Which ones of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?
Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
In the 1640s leaders of the Houe of Commons:
accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent
All of the following contributed to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century EXCEPT:
a lower birth rate which made it difficult to find workers for new industries
Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?
The government provided insufficient financial support
What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?
tobacco
Which one of the following is true of indentured servants?
Their masters could determine whether they could marry
During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660:
new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church.
When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island
he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay
Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established Patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which on of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?
Ireland
Most seventeenth-century migrants to North American from England:
were lower-class men
Why did King Henry VII break from the Catholic Church?
He did not break with the church; his son and successor Henry VIII did
As a leader of Jamestown colony, John Smith:
alienated many of the colonists with his autocratic rule
In the battles between Parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom:
remained an important and the much debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded
Which of the following is true of warfare between colonists and Native Americans during the seventeenth century?
Among the colonists, it generated a strong sense of superiority
How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?
Some of them ran away or disobedient toward their masters
During the seventeenth century, indentured servants
had a great deal of trouble acquiring land
