CHAPTER 19 – POPULAR ECOLOGY

is a group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area

the factors that influence a population's density, structure, size growth rate.

is the number of individuals of a species per unit of area or volume.

of a population is the distribution of individuals in different age-groups.

largemouth bass per cubic kilometer (km3) of a lake, oak trees per square kilometer (km2) in a forest, and nematodes per cubic meter (m3) in a forest's soil

track survivorship (the chance of an individual in a given population surviving to various ages) help to determine the most vulnerable stages of the life cycle

the history of a population's survival, reproductive success, and/or how the population relates to environmental factors

plot the number of individuals still alive at each age in the maximum life span are classified based upon the rate of mortality over the life span of an organism

take immediate advantage of favorable conditions and typically exhibit a type III survivorship curve

develop and reach sexual maturity slowly, produce few, well-cared-for offspring, are typically larger-bodied and longer-lived, and typically exhibit a type I survivorship curve.

are born immigrate into an area, emigrate away, die

describes the expansion of a population in an ideal and unlimited environment

a few dozen rabbits can multiple into millions in certain circumstances following disasters, organisms that have opportunistic life history patterns can rapidly recolonize a habitat

are environmental factors that hold population growth in check restrict the number of individuals that can occupy a habitat

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

occurs when the growth rate decreases as the population size approaches carrying capacity.

species resources available in the habitat.

environments where the population size is at or near carrying capacity

competition between individuals of the same species for the same limited resources.

is competition between individuals of the same species for the same limited resources.

is a population-limiting factor whose effects intensify as the population increases in density.

accumulation of toxic wastes, limited food supply, limited territory.

mortality was high, births and deaths were equal

Currently, In the most developed nations, the overall growth rates are near zero. In the developing world, death rates have dropped and high birth rates persist.