Ch.8-10

- sleep becomes more regular - emotions become more nuances and responsive - temper tantrums subside - uncontrollable laughter and tears are less common

amygdala- registers emotions especially fear hippocampus- processor of memory, especially locations hypothalamus- producing cortisol and other hormones that activate parts of the brain and body

run without falling climb chairs, tables, cribs walk up stairs feed self with spoon draw lines and spirals

kick and throw a ball jump with both feet pedal a trike copy simple shapes walk down stairs climb ladders

catch a ball use scizzors hop on either foot feed self with fork dress self copy most letters pour juice without spills brush teeth

skip and gallop in rythm clap, bang and singi n rythmn copy difficult shapes and letters climb trees, jump over things use knife to cut throw a ball tie a bow wash face, comb hair

draw paint with preferred hand write simple words scan a page of print, moving the eye to the appropriate direction ride a bike do a cartwheel tie shoes catch a ball

it allows creativity without anxiety

- accident autopsy- find causes in microsystem, exosystem, macrosystem - look at stats

primary: putting measures in place to make injuries less likely secondary: averting harm in high risk situations tertiary: fixing an injury already gotten

reported: 2.7-3.5 million a year substantiated: (verified) 1 in every 80 reported is triple that, they think it is underestimated

-repeated injuries injuries that don't fit an accident explanation - fantasy play with themes of violence - slow physical growth - physical complaints - anti social - no friends - impulsive - frequent absence - change of address frequently - expressions of fear when seeing caregiver

3

trying to find a permanent home for a child

the piaget term for a type of centration in which a child thinks about the world from only their prespective

irreversability

conservation

young children as apprentices in thinking

miriam helps her son ben make cookies. she gets everything ready and reads the recipe while ben places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them

the tendency for preschoolers to make up a reason why the things they see and hear occur

brain maturation

learns some words after a single exposure to them

overregularization

-tay has a genetic predisposition to language abilities -different gender and speech accelleration in girls - taylor is being exposed to more language interaction

preoperations intelligence allows children to think symbolically

they tend to focus on a single aspect of an object or situation (centration)

coloring and asking mom questions when she is in another room

social activities guided by others -individual discovery

scaffolding

private speech

theory-theory

logical extension

express the relationships of places and times

parents use child as a spokesperson and interpreter when they deal with monolingual bureucrats

a characteristic in which a young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent

focusing on one idea, excluding all others

whatever is now has always been and always will be

belief that natural objects are alive

-present challenges - offer assistance - add crucial information - encourage motivation

the process of learning from those who guide their experiences/explorations

imitating adult actions that are irrelevant, time consuming, or inefficient

zone of proximal development

private speech, social mediation

ask them what happens possibly with their eyes closed

what you think another person is thinking

want to know more about the situation or thing

yes

age 6

vocab: 100-2000 word, sentence length: 2-6 words grammer: plurals, nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives questions: whats that?

vocab: 1000-5000 words sentence length: 3-8 words grammar: conjunctions, adverbs, articles questions: why?

vocab: 3000-10000 words sentence length: 5-20 words grammar: dependent clauses, tags at sentence end questions: why? how? when?

vocab: 5000-20000 words sentence length: some seem unending grammar: complex, dependant on what is hear questions: social differences, male female, old young, etc.

speedy and imprecise way where kids learn new words by placing them in mental categories according to the perceived meaning

using a word to describe other objects in the same category

code-focused teaching book reading parent education

stress children's development and growth

the goal is to make sure the kids are ready to learn in kindergarten

emphasize individual pride and acheivment presenting many literacy-related tasks kids needs differ from adults

encouraged kids to master skills that are not usually taught in north america until age seven

safety adequate space and equipment low child/adult ratio positive social interactions among kids and adults trained staff who stay year after year

to foster better health and cognition before first grade

yes!

score higher on math and reading acheivment tests at age 10 less likely to be placed in special classes less likely to repeat a grade

intiative versus guilt

she has developed emotional regulation

playing the same but not together

warmth discipline communication expectations for maturity

permissive

empathy

more than 3

relational agression

externalizing, internalizing

initiative

guilt

nurturing parents

induction

mostly extrinsic

children of their sex

if the child prefers to be with people

styles of parenting

play

2-6 years

doing it for you

doing it for someone elsee

intrinsically

extrinsic motivation undercut the intrinsic motivation

us- fear puerto rico-anger china-pride japan-selfishness native american-impatience mexico-diobedience netherlands-eratic behavior

plays alone, unawar

plays alone but notices others

kids interact but not yet mutual

kids play cooperatively together

helps prefrontal cortex development, kids learn to regulate emotions, practice social skills, and strengthen bodies

explore and rehears social roles learn how to explain ideas practice emotional regulation by pretending emotions develop self-concept

stern and obedient kids that struggle with externalizing, or being happy

unhappy kids with no self control

perfect balance

immature, sad, lonely, at risk of abuse

1 in 5 kids are overweight, which correlated with watching too much tv

backgroudn tv decreased play and interaction

morality is genetic and an outgrowth of natural bonding, attachment, and cognitive maturation

culture is crucial, children learn from the values of their community

empathy: understanding of a persons feelings, antipathy: dislike or hatred

want something they dont have and act without thinking to get it

responding to someone else attacking you

destroys another child self-esteem and disrupts their social networks

done to dominate someone else

risk of school failure and crime

childrens shame and guilt are used to control behavior - depress kids - relationally agressive - anxious

time-out

0ne minute for each year

1. promote words instead of actions 2. teach emotional literacy 3. catch them being good 4. modeling 5. induction

uh oh, bummer dude

talking with the child to understand why their behavior was wrong

biological

cultural