ATI Health Promotion of School-Aged Children

Piaget: Concrete operations Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority

Weight - School-age children will gain about 2 to 3 kg (4.4 to 6.6 lb) per year. Height - School-age children will grow about 5 cm (2 inches) per year. Preadolescence is typically when prepubescence occurs. Onset of physiologic changes begins around the age of 9 years, particularly in girls. Rapid growth in height and weight occurs. Differences in the rate of growth and maturation between boys and girls becomes apparent. Visible sexual maturation is minimal in boys during preadolescence. Permanent teeth erupt. Bladder capacity differs, but remains greater in girls than boys. Immune system improves. Bones continue to ossify

Piaget - Concrete operations Transitions from perceptual to conceptual thinking Masters the concept of conservation Conservation of mass is understood first, followed by weight, and then volume Learns to tell time Classifies more complex information Able to see the perspective of others Able to solve problems

Competitive and cooperative play is predominant simple board games and number games hopscotch jump rope collections (rocks, stamps, cards, coins, or stuffed animals) ride bikes build simple models join organized sports ( for skill building)

make crafts build models collect things/ engage in hobbies solve jigsaw puzzles play board games and card games join organized competitive sports

If not given between 4 and 5 years of age, children should receive the following vaccines by 6 years of age - DTaP, IPV, MMR, and Varicella and yearly seasonal vaccine

Tdap, HPV2 or HPV4 in three doses for females, HPV4 for males; and MCV4.

Scoliosis - School-age children should be screened for scoliosis by examining for a lateral curvature of the spine before and during growth spurts. Screening may take place at schools or at a healthcare facilities.

1. By the end of the school-age years, children should eat adult portions of food. They need quality nutritious snacks. 2. Educate children to make healthy food selections. 3. Children enjoy how to safely prepare nutritious snacks 4. Children need to learn to eat snacks only when hungry, and not when bored or inactive

1. Skipping breakfast occurs in about 10% of children 2. Optimum performance in school is dependent on a nutritious breakfast 3. Children who regularly eat breakfast tend to have an age appropriate BMI

1. Affects at least 20% of children 2. prevention is essential. Encourage healthy eating habits, decrease fats and sugars (empty-calorie foods) and increase the level of physical activity. 3. Praise the child's abilities and skills 4. Never use food as a reward or punishment 5. choosemyplate.gov 6. Avoid eating fast-food frequently 7. Avoid skipping meals 8. Model healthy behaviors

1. Firearms should be kept in locked cabinets or boxes. 2. Safe play areas should be identified. 3. Stranger safety should be taught. 4. Children should be taught to wear helmets and/or pads when roller skating, skateboarding, bicycling, riding scooters, skiing, and snowboarding.

1. Children should be taught fire safety and potential burn hazards. 2. Working smoke detectors should be kept in the home. 3. Children should use sunscreen when outside. 4. Teach child safety precautions to take while cooking.

1. Children should be supervised when swimming or when near a body of water. 2. Children should be taught to swim. 3. Check depth of water before allowing child to dive. 4. Encourage breaks to prevent child from becoming over-tired.

1. It is recommended that children use an approved car restraint system until they achieve a height of 145 cm (4 feet, 9 inches). 2. Teach children appropriate seat belt use when no longer using a car restraint system or booster seat. 3. Safest area for children is the backseat of the car. 4. Never let child ride in the bed of a pickup truck. 5. Reinforce safe pedestrian behaviors

1. Cleaners and chemicals should be kept in locked cabinets or out of reach of younger children. 2. Children should be taught to say "no" to substance abuse.

1. A sense of industry is achieved through the development of skills and knowledge that allows the child to provide meaningful contributions to society. 2. A sense of accomplishment is gained through the ability to cooperate and compete with others. 3. Children should be challenged with tasks that need to be accomplished, and be allowed to work through individual differences in order to complete the tasks. 4. Creating systems that reward successful mastery of skills and tasks can create a sense of inferiority in children unable to complete the tasks or acquire the skills. 5. Children should be taught that not everyone will master every skill.

C. Growth differences between boys and girls become evident.

A, C, D

D. "My child's family history of sleep apnea influences the number of hours of sleep he needs."

B, D,E