AP World Indian Ocean Trade

Land and ocean trade routes that linked Eurasia

The pastoral peoples' demands for food.

They organized trade and provided security

stimulated by pastoral societies, moves from section to section, several connected legs of trade routes, aka relay trade

Silk was a luxury item and implies a very high social status if you wear silk (shows prestige)

1. Chinese princess grew angry and stole the silk worms 2. Euro mink stole silk worms and hid them in his walking cane

China- used for writing India- religious ceremonies Central Asia- currency Byzantine Emp & China- a way to acquire wealth

Job opportunities increase, Roman elite spent all their money on Chinese items, and merchants became extremely wealthy

Silk can allow people to advance socially, encouraged farmers to change what they produced which lead to a decrease in food production

The spread of religions along the Silk Roads.

Small pox and measles spread in Rome and Han China Bubonic plague spread in China, the Byzantine Empire, Europe, Islam, and Mongol

Highly fatal disease transmitted by fleas

China

By the fleas on rats that bit the rat and then went and bit humans.

Peasants because, since the majority of their population died, they could charge higher wages for their work.

The peoples of Sudanic West Africa; metals were traded for gold, cotton textiles, and a variety of food products

Circumstances that led to development of new political entities (empires and city-states)

Gold, slaves, ivory, salt, horses

As empires or city-states

Famous Muslim trader; participates in African slave trade; famous for travels & writes about his travels around Afroeurasia

Mostly women made up the slaves at this time. Thy were treated as domestic servants and concubines. Later, men were enslaved to work as agricultural workers.

Lack of technological advances, geographical differences ( difficult to reign north to south orientation trade), no wheeled vehicles, ocean-going ships go up and down coastlines not across oceans, no religion that could be used to connect trade centers

Goods were traded, cultural diffusion, communication, goods were collected by Inca state because people work for state ( early form of socialism)

Empire believed that, if merchants became too wealthy, they would overthrow them; also controlling trade was a way to secure the Empire

Maize

Han dynasty

The Silk Roads and Indian Ocean trade are similar in that both armed to connect the east to the west; both connect Eurasia; both spread cultural ideas and ship luxury goods.

Indian Ocean trade networks used ships and therefore could ship more cargo, sold less expensive, necessity products, traded with more locations, more efficient travel times, centered in India.

A seasonal prevailing wind in the region of south and southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain, or from the northeast between October and April.

Monsoons alternated wind currents that predictably blew eastward during the summer months and westward in the winter. When people understood what monsoons did, they accumulated different ways to build ships and developed oceanic navigation.

Indian Ocean commerce began during the time of the First Civilizations. ( early Egypt, Mesopotamia, Indus River civilization, Shang China)

Indian Ocean commerce picked up in the era of classical civilizations due to the mariners learning how to ride monsoons and merchants generating a growing commerce. Also merchants from different classical civs move to where there is more trade and set up communities.

India became the center of the Indian Ocean trade network.

Brought together in a single political system, had an immense range of economies and cultural traditions, and provided a vast arena for the energies of Muslim traders

Middle eastern gold and silver flowed into southern India to purchase pepper, pearls, textiles, and gemstones.

Muslim merchants and sailors, as well as Jews and Christians living within the Islamic world, established communities of traders from east Africa to south China coast.

They used wasteland in Mesopotamia to cultivate sugar and dates, which brought thousands of slaves there from east Africa for plantations and salt mines in terrible conditions.

Trade stimulated political change as ambitious rulers use well derived from commerce to construct larger and more centrally governed states or cities; experienced cultural change as local people were attracted to foreign religious ideas from Hindu, Buddhist, or Islamic sources.

Trade gave rise to civilization known as Swahili.

Malay kingdom that dominated the critical choke of Indian Ocean trade from 670 to 1025.

Srivijaya's plentiful supply of gold-it's access to the source of highly sought after spices, such as cloves, nutmeg, and mace-provided resources to attract supporters, to find an embryonic bureaucracy, and to create the military and naval forces that brought some security to the area. They also spoke Bantu written in Arabic.

And East African civilization that took shape as a set of commercial city states stretching along the East African coast.

Swahili civilization rapidly became Islamic. Introduced by Arab traders, Islam was voluntarily and widely adopted with in the Swahili world. It was an urban Society based on ethnicity. Also it was unique because it blends Persian, African, Indian, and Arab cultures

Cities were commercial centers that accumulated goods from the interior and exchange them for the products of the distant civilizations.

They were politically independent, generally governed by its own king, and in sharp competition with other cities. No imperial system or larger territorial states unified the Swahili civilization.