What aspects of Europe's nineteenth-century history contributed to the First World War?
Competing states, Franco-Prussian War, defeat of Napoleon, Germany looking for new place in Europe
In what ways did World War I mark new departures in the history of the twentieth century?
Longer-than-expected war, "war of attrition"(wearing down), large-scale casualties, "industrialized warfare", "total war"(required whole country to be involved and all aspects of life), new map at end of war
In what ways was the Great Depression a global phenomenon?
Effects were felt everywhere- unemployment, rising prices, stock market crashes, -- US produced too many goods for the demand, which affected other countries who were getting loans from the US(especially European countries), which then affected these countries' colonies
In what ways did fascism challenge the ideas and practices of European liberalism and democracy?
"Bitterly condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism", nationalist ideas centered around unity, "praised violence against enemies as a renewing force in society"
What was distinctive about the German expression of fascism? What was the basis of the popular support of the Nazis?
Fascist control over Germany was much more thorough than Italy Basis of support- idea of a nationalized Germany, Germans wanted pride in their country after Treaty of Versailles degraded their standing in Europe.
How did Japan's experience during the 1920s and 1930s resemble that of Germany, and how did it differ?
Similar- "Joining the club of industrializing and empire-building states", similar government system with limited parliament, Difference- "minimal" participation in World War I, during 1920s moved towards democracy and more Westernized culture, also more rights for workers, women, etc
In what ways were the origins of World War II in Asia and in Europe similar to each other? How were they different?
Similar- Both Japan and Nazi Germany were "dissatisfied power[s]", both started by "territorial expansion" Difference- Asia began before Europe, caused by "Japanese imperial ambitions", invaded China
How did WWI differ from WWII?
WWII more "destructive", new technology, more civilians as casualties, more roles of women in factories, etc
How was Europe able to recover from the devastation of the war?
loans from the US, "resiliency of industrial society", "ability of the major Western European countries to integrate their recovering economies"
When and where did communism exercise influence during the twentieth century?
Russia starting in 1917, China, much of Eastern Europe, North Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Afghanistan
Identify the major differences between the Russian and Chinese revolutions.
Russia- Communist gov't came to power right after the revolution with no prior experience, quick revolution China- communist party had time to grow and build before coming to power, slower revolution
What was the appeal of communism in China before 1949?
Before the Chinese communist party was founded in 1921, little was known about it, but after it was started, it gradually grew to 1.2 million members in 1945.
What changes did communist regimes bring to the lives of women?
more field work, more rights(Divorce, "full legal and political equality"), more empowerment and jobs(womens newspapers, etc), started Zhenotdel(Russia) and Women's Federation(China)