AP World History Chp. 8

Societies of varying sizes organized through kinship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states.

Arabic term for western north Africa.

Puritanical Islamic reform movements among the Berbers of northwest Africa; built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain.

A Christian kingdom in the highlands of eastern Africa.

13-th century Ethiopian ruler; built great rock churches.

The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; an exchange region between the forests to the south and north Africa.

States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways.

State of the Malinke people, centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers.

Title of the ruler of Mali.

Made a pilgrimage to Mecca during the 14th century that became of the wealth distributed along the way.

Created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died in 1260.

Niger River port city of Mali; had a famous Muslim university.

Successor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao.

States, such as Kano, among the Hausa of northern Nigeria; combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs.

Arabic term for the people and coast of east Africa.

Urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Plate, Zanzibar.

Muslim traveler who described African societies and cultures. A sort of Muslim "Marco Polo" Mall in Dubai.

The change from slow to rapid population growth; often associated with industrialization; occurred first in Europe and is more characteristic of the "developed world".

Nigerian city-state formed by the Edo people during the 14th century; famous for its bronze art work.

large agricultural state on the lower Congo river; capital at Mbanza Kongo.

Central African Royal Stone Courts

With Massive stone building and walls, incorporates the greatest early building in sub-Saharan Africa.

The spread of the Islamic faith across the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and northern Africa.

Group of people and associated language which originated in Nigeria; migrated south over much of the African continent and made up a majority of the African language groups.

Term used by the Romans for Africa.

An Islamic term used for holy war waged to purify, spread, or protect the faith.

Developing in the Ethiopian highlands and traded with India and the Mediterranean areas to gain Greek and Arabian cultural influences; conversion of the kinds to Christianity in 350 C.E laid the basis for Ethiopian Christian culture.

Territory in east Africa north of the Senegal and Niger rivers; inhabited by the Soninke people in the 5th century C.E; Sonike called their ruler "Ghana" thus was created the name of the Kingdom.

Codified Islamic Law which is ethically based on the Qur'an and the Hadith.