AP World History – Chapter 18 Vocabulary

The trade of enslaved Africans to, primarily, south american colonies of the Portuguese and Spanish empires

groups of private investors who paid an annual fee of France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies

Trading company charted by the Dutch government to conduct its merchant's trade in the Americas and Africa

In West Indian colonies, rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the 18th century

A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on plantation

An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the americas

A grant of legal freedom to an individual state

A slave who ran away from his or her master, often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America

The economic system of large financial institutions- Banks, stock exchanges, investment companies- that first developed in Early modern Europe

European government policies of the 16th, 17th and 18th century designed to premote overseas trade between a country and its colonies to trade only with their motherland country

A trading company charted by the English Government in 1672 to conduct its merchant's trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa

The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system

The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from west Africa to the west indies

A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in west Africa, at 11th century Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of Hausa and was a major player in trans Saharan trade

A powerful west African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, important in Trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam

An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa, aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, the Hausa city- states remained autonomous until the Sokoto caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century