America a Narrative History Ch. 1

The part of the world consisting of North, Central, and South America.

The region of Central America where the Maya, the Aztecs and other ancient cultures existed.

Ancient Mesoamerican civilization that thrived from about A. D. 300 to A. D. 900.

Mesoamerican civilization that thrived in the 14th and 15th Centuries A. D.

Northeastern culture that thrived from 800 B.C.-A.D. 600 in the Ohio Valley and surrounding areas of the current United States.

Mississippian culture of the central Mississippi River Valley of the current United States, which thrived from A. D. 600 to A. D. 1500.

Southwestern culture that began in the 5th B.C., elements of which continue today in Arizona, New Mexico. Colorado and surrounding areas.

Period in European history from 12th C AD through the 16th C AD distinguished by its spirit of inquiry and return to secular learning.

Navigational measurement dependant on accurate timepieces, and left to guesswork when sailing across the open sea prior to the 18th C. A. D.

Self-taught Italian mariner who in the late 15th C A.D. sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean in search of the Indies.

Treaty between Spain and Portugal defining the Spanish claim on exploration and settlement west of the Cape Verde Islands.

Italian explorer who first suggested that South America was a new continent.

Also called 'Indian Corn', maize was one of the staples of the New World.

Portuguese seaman, who in the employ of Spain set out to find passage through or around South America, and consequently led the first voyage around the globe.

Ruthless leader of the conquistadores, Spanish soldiers who invaded and eventually destroyed the Aztec culture.

System used by the conquistadores, whereby favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages or groups of villages.

Catholic missionary and Bishop in Mexico who wrote A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies (1552),

A great farm or ranch.

Area of the southern United States formerly claimed by Spain.

Governor of Puerto Rico, and first known explorer of Florida.

A Spanish outpost in Florida, it became the first European town in the present-day United States.

A fort where soldiers who were sent to protect Spanish missions were housed.

Founder of the first Spanish settlement in New Mexico.

Sons of Spanish Fathers and native mothers.

Pueblo leader who organized a rebellion, which resulted in driving the Spaniards out of New Mexico.

European religious movement that challenged the Catholic Church and resulted in the beginnings of Protestant Christianity.

German monk who protested abuses in the Catholic church by posing his 'Ninety-five Theses.' Founder of the Lutheran church.

Martin Luther's criticisms of the Catholic church arguing against indulgences and for a direct relationship to God.

Religious movement founded by John Calvin, based on the doctrine of predestination.

Title given by the pope to England's Henry VIII prior to England's break from the Catholic church.

The Anglican church, which unites church and state under the monarchy.

English privateer who led British fleet against the Spanish Armada.

Heavy ship used by the Spanish Armada.

Sponsor of an ill-fated expedition of colonists, who in 1587 settled Roanoke Island on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, also known as the 'Lost Colony.'