The technology industry is composed of companies producing electronic components, scientific and technical instruments, computer hardware and software, and computer services. It is a very fast paced, competitive Industry In which Innovation Is the key to success. The technology industry employs a relatively large workup engaged in sales and promotion, as the success of a new or improved product depends heavily upon consumers being aware of, and Interested In, the item.While most of the sales for his industry occur in developed countries, most of the production of computer hardware takes place in emerging countries where manufacture and assembly costs are lower.
The Technology Industry Is Highly concentrated. The production In this Industry Is dominated by a small amount of large firms that are able to shape the industry direction and price levels. History of Japanese science and technology In the ancient time the country developed under the influence of strong cultures of the next neighbors ? China and Korea, but In the middle of the XVI century began a read with Europeans, In particular. Tit Spain and Portugal. Then the decision on policy of an isolationism was adopted, trade relations were maintained only with China and Holland.
The European science nevertheless got into Japan. But the authorities of Japan at first considered this knowledge dangerous. The translation of the Dutch books was strictly monopolized and was carried out by a narrow circle of specially trained translators. The mall areas of studying included geography, the medicine, natural sciences, astronomy, art, foreign languages, studying of the electric phenomena and chances.
In 1 868 emperor Mouthfuls opened borders of Japan for Europeans.Japanese received a set of new data on natural sciences, a world structure, space and functions of a human body for a small interval of time. Japanese economic miracle 50 ? 60th years ?lifting In national economy after defeat In World War II, also Is caused by science development. Thanks to opening and development of Japanese scientists, and also large-scale purchases of technologies and patents abroad, the country very quickly became one of the most significant 'OFF licenses and patents at the western colleagues.
Today the science of Japan takes the advanced positions in the field of new technologies.Having considered past experience, the country uses the majority of the development for improvement of quality of life of people and environment protection. New, environmentally clear engines for cars, robots and the effective medicines facilitating life of incapacitated citizens are created and improved, energy carriers and valuable metals are saved and reused. Electronic in Japan Japan is well known for its automotive and electronics industries throughout the world, and Japanese electronic products account for a large share in the world arrest, compared to a majority of other countries.Japan has large international corporate such as Fuji, Sony, Panasonic, Canon, Nixon, Fajitas, Hitachi, Sharp, NECK, Epsom, Toshiba Automotive companies: Toyota, Honda, Ionians, Mazda, Mediumistic and Suburb Japanese robotics Types of robots: -Humanoid Entertainment Robots (ASIMOV, manufactured by Honda; GRID, by Sony; HOOP (Humanoid for Open Architecture Platform), Manufactured by Fajitas; Toyota Partner Robot, manufactured by Toyota; MINE, by Hitachi) -Androids (Asteroid, a realistic female robot demonstrated most prominently at Expo 005 in Japan; Hannah, a humanoid robot designed for dentist training; HARP-C, a humanoid robot with a realistic head and the average figure of a young Japanese female) -Social robots (Appear; Para, a robot baby seal intended for therapeutic purposes; Wakeup) -Domestic robots (Smartly V, manufactured by Yashmak Electric Corporation; TWENTY-ONE, developed by Washed University; TAP-ROBINS, manufactured by Toyota) Mobility robot (WALL-roll, developed by Washed University and TEAMS; I-foot, developed by Toyota; I-REAL, developed by Toyota; Mural Boy, developed by Mural Manufacturing Co.
Industries, designed by Yates Cubic; HARP-4) Japanese robotics companies: -General robotics (Sony Corporation; Honda; Toyota; Toshiba) -Industrial robotics (Mediumistic Electric Automation ? Robotics; Dense Corporation; Epsom; FAUNA; Intelligent Actuator; Sukiyaki; Nacho; Yashmak Electric Corporation) Aeronautics in Japan Japan has also made headway into aerospace research and space exploration. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency COAX) conducts space and planetary research, aviation research, and development of rockets and satellites. It has developed a series of rockets, the latest and the most powerful of which is H- Mediumistic Heavy Industry built the Japanese Experiment Module, which was launched and added to the International Space Station during Space Shuttle assembly flights in 2007 and 2008. Nuclear power Since 1973, nuclear energy has been a national strategic priority in Japan, as the nation is heavily dependent on imported fuel, with fuel imports accounting for 61% of energy production.In 2008, after the opening of 7 brand new nuclear reactors Japan became the third largest nuclear power user in the world with 55 nuclear reactors.
These provide 34. 5% of Japan's electricity. Following an earthquake, tsunami, and the failure of cooling systems at the Fuchsia I Nuclear Power Plant on March 1 1, 2011, a nuclear emergency was declared. Nobel Laureates Since 1949, there have been nineteen Japanese winners of the Nobel Prize two for physiology or medicine and one for efforts towards peace. High-technology exports (current IIS$) High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery.
In this rating Japan takes 5th place in a world.Patent applications, nonresidents Patent applications are worldwide patent applications filed through the Patent Cooperation Treaty procedure or with a national patent office for exclusive rights for an invention--a product or process that provides a new way of doing something or offers a new technical solution to a problem. A patent provides protection for the invention to the owner of the patent for a limited period, generally 20 years. In this rating Japan takes ad place. Patent applications, residents In this-ad place.
Research and development expenditure (% of GAP) Expenditures for research and development are current and capital expenditures (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture, and society, and the use of knowledge for new applications. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Japan takes 4th place in a world by this indicator.Researchers in R&D (per million people) Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods, or systems and in the management of the projects concerned. Postgraduate PhD students (EXCISED level 6) engaged in R&D are included. Japan in a 7th place in a world.
Royalty and license fees, payments (BOP, current US$) nonresidents for the authorized use of intangible, unpronounced, nonofficial assets and proprietary rights (such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises) and for the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals of prototypes (such as films and manuscripts). Data are in current U. S. Dollars.
Scientific and technical Journal articles Scientific and technical Journal articles refer to the number of scientific and engineering articles published in the following fields: physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering and technology, and earth and space sciences. Japan takes also ad place. Trademark applications, direct nonresident Trademark applications filed are applications to register a trademark with a national or regional Intellectual Property (P) office. A trademark is a distinctive sign which identifies certain goods or services as those produced or provided by a specific person or enterprise.A trademark provides protection to the owner of the mark by insuring the exclusive right to use it to identify goods or services, or to authorize another to use it in return for payment.
The period of protection varies, but a trademark can be renewed indefinitely beyond the time limit on payment of additional fees.
