Chapter Four Persian Empire Persians first to achieve a complex political organization during the end of the second millennium. Meds played a major role in the destruction of the Assyrian Empire Persians now call themselves Accompanies because they were ancestors of Channels. Cyrus(Crush) son of a Persian chieftain and median princess, united Persian tribes and over threw the median monarch around. Cyrus Redrew the map of the west 550 b. C.
E Like most Indo-European people the early inhabitants of western Iran had a patriarchal family organization.Social class and Occupational classes, here social classes (Warriors- Knights or Soldiers Priests-Priest sometimes called Magi (Magus) ritual Specialists Peasants-Shepherds and village based farmers) Persians won the war against Egyptians in a series of bloody battles then they were sent expeditions south to Nubian and west to Libya Cambers Cyrus son was depicted as a cruel and impious madman based on the Greeks opinion and documents from Egypt show him operating the same practical vein Drains I seized the throne many challenged his rule but were unsuccessful and promoted the development of maritime routes.Drains I empire was the largest the world had seen et expanding from eastern Europe to Pakistan southern Russia to Sudan contained tons of different ethic groups and Drains can rightly be considered Persians second founder. Imperial Organization and Ideology Persian Empire was divided into twenty provinces each was under the supervision of a Persian satrap(like a governor most likely a member of the royal family) Satraps duty was to send tribute to the king and control the province appointed to them.
Drains put quotas on the tributes and the demand became harder to meet which resulted in a economic downfall by the fourth century. Royal Roads :Connected the outlying provinces to the heart of the empire. (Well maintained and Patrolled) Built in intervals to receive important travelers and couriers carrying official correspondence. At strategic points such as mountain passes river crossing and important urban centers, garrisons controlled peoples movement. The administrative center of the empire was USA, the ancient capital of Elan in south west Iran near the present day border of Iraq.Persian Prolepsis(Treasury) inscribed cuneiform on baked clay tablets, show that government officials distributed food and other essential modesties to a large number of workers of may different nationalities Some workers were prisoners of war and divided into groups of men, women and children.
Persian Women played a large role in struggle for power royal women in the Greeks opinion were no more than pawns others believed that their stereotype was misrepresented and that Persian women played a key role in protecting family members and mediating conflicts.Drains created a book of laws called the laws of the king and was a system of royal Judges operating throughout the empire as well as encouraging the codification and publication of the laws of various subject people. He allowed each person to live in accordance with their own traditions and ordinances) The location of the central administration allowed kings to employ civilizations. However on certain occasions the kings returned to one special place back in homeland. This is were Drains began his construction of a ceremonial capital at Prolepsis.Drains approach to governing was by recognizing Representatives and all people of the Persian Empire and what we now call propaganda Another perspective on what the Persian empire was inscriptions and these inscriptions made it clear that the god Ramadan and Zoroaster were Drains' successors and expansible for his success Zoroastrian was one of the greatest religions of the ancient world (Influenced major religions by stating that there is one god one devil and a heaven and hell.
And that god gives rewards and punishments) The Rise Of the Greeks Greeks were relatively resource poor region the cultural features that emerged there in the first millennium b. C. E came into being only because the Greeks had access to foreign sources of raw materials and markets abroad. Greeks were in contract with other peoples and Greeks merchants and mercenaries brought home not only raw trials and crafted goods but also ideas.Under the pressure of population, poverty, war, political crisis, Greeks moved to other parts of the Mediterranean and western Asia, bringing their language and culture and exerting a powerful influence on other societies.
Greek is part of a large ecological zone that encompasses the Mediterranean Sea and the lands surrounding it . This zone is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the several ranges of the alps to the north. Greek civilizations arose in the lands bordering the Aegean Sea: the Greek mainland, the islands of the Aegean and the western coast of Anatolia.The small islands dotting the Aegean Sea. Archaic period was a growing early Greek communities the family enveloped the individuals land belongs collectively to the family. Greek Philosophers: Socratic Rejected traditional religious explanations of the origins and nature of the world and sought rational explanations.
They were primarily concerned with learning how the world was created , what its made of and why changes occur Some postulated combinations earth, air, fire, and water as primal elements that combine or dissolve to form the numerous substances found in nature.One advanced the theory that the world is composed of microscopic atoms. Another important intellectual development also took place in Leonia in the sixth century A group of men later referred to as Lexicographers taking full advantage of the nearly infinite captivity of writing to store information, began gathering date on wide range of topics including ethnography physical characteristics and cultural practices, geography of Mediterranean lands the foundation stories of important cities, and the origins of famous Greek families. They were the first to write in prose.
