Analysis about Internet Free Essay Example from StudyTiger

internet

world's largest public computer network, a network of networks that provides a vast array of services to individuals, businesses, and organizations around the world

internet hosts

servers that provide information and services to Internet users

the cloud

an expression that refers to Internet servers

birth of the web shift internet focus

from supporting academic and government interests to supporting public and commercial interests

ethic concerns with internet

freedom of speech, privacy and intellectual property rights

SOPA

stop online piracy act- failed because gov favor internet user privacy over internet service provider snooping

government agencies working to limit

google's data collection

internet technologies

work together to provide information and services over the Internet, including a variety of protocols, hardware and software

internetworks

joining networks together into larger networks so that users on different networks can communicate

depending on the service and service provider internet connection might be:

blazing, fast, slow, filtered or unfiltered, limited or unlimited

Ex of hardware that transfers packets of data that travel over the internet (e.

g.- email, photos, videos, etc)

cables, satellites, and routers

computer network

a collection of computing devices connected together to share resources such as files, software, processors, storage, and printers

internet dates back to about

1970

1957- computing done on

large mainframe computers accessed from within an organization through a network of terminal s

sputnik in USSR led U.S to ...

Dep.

of Defense to advance space technologies, weapons and communication systems, ARPA and NASA , created internet

ARPA commissioned ARPANET

research into networkinginitial goal= establish closer communications for research by connecting the computer networks of four research institutions UCLA, Stanford, USSB, UU, nearly 1 billion hosts today vs 13 hosts in 1970

world wide web

in early 90s, provide a graphical interface to the internet that launched the digital information revolution

Web 1.0

one way was the one-way web with information traveling in one direction from servers to consumers

web 2.0

two-way- inspired by the growing popularity of blogs social networking trend

high quality applications ex

adobe flex, ajax, microsoft silverlight

rich internet apps ex

google docs, hulu

internet backbone

refers to the main internet pathways and connections, made up of the many national and international communication networks that are owned by the major telecom companies such as verizon, at&t and sprint (the same companies and networks that provide telephone services)-consists mostly of fiber-optic cables

network service providers (NSPs)

large telecom companies that connect their networks so that users on all the networks could share information over the Internet

points of presence (POPs)

utility station used by NSPs to enable internet users to connect to their networks connected by internet backbone

TCP/IP

protocols on which the internet is based are the transmission control protocol (TCP) and internet protocol (IP) -defining component of internet -allows many different types of networks and devices to join together in an immense global network -defines how information travels across the internet

data packet

how data travels across interneta small coup of bytes that includes the data being sent and a header containing information about the data such as an email message, into small packets to make efficient use of the network-when delivered packets= reconstructed

defines the format and addressing scheme used for the packets - required that all devices connected the internet have a unique IP address

routers

use use the information in the packet header to direct the packet to its destination

TCP

enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data-guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets are delivered in the same order in which they were sent

IP address

a unique 32 bit identifier for internet isers and hosts -read as decimal numbers-4 numbers 0-255 separated by .-static (permanently assigned to a computer) or dynamic (assigned to computers as needed)

current 32-bit IP address system

(IPv4) 2^32, support about 4.

3 billion addresses -addressed will soon be in short supply

IANA

internet assigned numbers authority- process of moving to internet hosts to a new IP version

internet service provider (ISP)

a company that provided individuals and organizations with access to the internet

modems

provide connections to ISP services using an Ethernet cable

notebook computers

can access the internet using a connect card and a data plan from a cell phone service provider

largest ISP

Comcast Cable- boradband caves running through many phones

DSL (digital subscriber line)

-always on connection that uses the customer's phone line, but there is no dialing up and users can use the internet and talk on the phone simultaneously

BPL (broadband overpower line)

utilizes existing power lines to carry internet signals-have to plug in BPL modem

DSS < > or = to DSL

DSS

cable modem

always on connection that uses a cable tv connection to provide high-speed internet service

cellular data connection

many cell phone companies offers internet access oner their networks at speeds up to 12 Mbps

DSS (digital satellite service)

wireless high-speed internet service that utilizes a satellite and satellite dishes, provided by companies such as earthlink, hughsnet

dial up

low-speed internet service that utilizes the customers existing phone line for internet access

client/server

network architecture in which one computer or program (the client) makes a service request from another computer or program (the server), which provides the service

web browser= 1 which requests web page from 2

1 internet explorer is a client 2 web server- ex. www. monster .com

server computers

typically powerful computers that can accommodate many simultaneous user requests-run 24/7

peer-to-peer (P2P)

a network architecture that does not utilize a central server but facilitates communication directly between clients with computers acting as both client and server -make a portion of their file system available to other participants to access directly

P2P personal computer

PC acts as both server (as other users access files) and client (at the user accesses others files) -ex- Gnutella file-sharing system

BitTorrent

a type of P2P protocol that speeds up the download process by dividing files into small units and downloading multiple file unties simultaneously form different sources

bluetooth

allows devices to connect directly to each other to share files and services

router

a network device that manages network traffic by evaluating messages and routing them over the fastest path to their destination

packet-switched network

data that travels over the internet is broken into small data packets to traverse the internet more efficiently

router typically located where

one network is going to another network

DNS (Domaine name system)

maintains a database of all domain names and Ip addresses used on the internet and acts like a phonebook, supplying information to internet nodes and router s working to get data packets to their destination

ICANN

internet corporation for assigned names and number manage domain names and number

internet uses DNS to

translate domain names into IP addresses -database of names and addresses stored on DNS

____ root DNS servers make up foundation of DNS

IF DNS fails/corrupts

all internet traffic would be affected , constantly under attack, if some servers fail others take up the load

pharming

hacking technique of DNS that replaces IP addresses in the DS with the IP address of fraudulent web sites designed to spread malware

port

in a computer network context, a port is an address used by clients and servers that is associated with a specific service -client/server software with the assistance of telecommunications software use port number to determine which service the data packet is requesting

port numbers

-can be used to track activity on the internet-can be used by hackers to gain access to computer systems -help servers organize the data packets that they manage, sending packets to correct software for service ex- server receives web page request on port 80 and dns requests on port 53client application includes correct port number in the outgoing packet headers

computer trick for hackers

scanning the internet for computers that have open ports- back door into a computer system good antivirus software will make sure that all ports on all computers are closed except for those being used by a service

voice over internet protocol/ voice over IP/ VoIP

refers to technologies that support voice communications using the Internet Protocol over data networks -supported by many businesses and smart phones -ex- xfinity package form comcast

unified communications

when a system combines voice, video, and data communications into one interface -can boost productivity

internet 2

a research and development consortium led by more than 200 U.S universities and supported by partnerships with industry and government to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies for tomorrow's internet -group focused on developing new ways to improve the management and performance of the existing internet

internet3 aka national lambdarail (NLR)

cross-country, high speed networking applications in science, engineering, and medicine

gemini observatories

twin 8.

1meter astronomical telescopes- used through internet2

shared virtual reality

provides immersive virtual environments over a network to be shared by participants in different locales

web technologies

the hardware, software, and protocols that allow the web to exist.

the web

aka world wide web is an internet service that provides convenient access to information and services through hyperlinks-developed by Tim berners-lee in his CERN research in geneva- started as personal organizational tool

process of linking together documents from diverse sources

1. defined system for linking the documents2. protocols that allow different computers to communicate 3. tools to help create the documents and the links between them

all three links

hyperlinks for docshypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) for comm.

HTML for creating and linking

hyperlink

an element in an electronic doc that when clicked opens a related document

HTTP

controls communication between web clients and servers

web browser

aka browser aka web client (ex- firefox, safari) is used to request web page from web servers, interpret the HTML code in the web page that is delivered, and display it onscreen -combined with plug ins and ajax allow you to view everything and interact with software-sends request to web server -in future may serve as primary user interface

web server

refers to software that fulfills web page requests from web clients and the computers that run such software

open computer project

server design available for other companies to use through an open source program

___ doesn't define a web server but rather the ____

hardwaresoftware

web hosting company/ web host

company that provides web server services to individuals and businesses interested in maintaining an online presence -offere FTF, SFTP, SSL, email services, devewlopmental platforms, etc.

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