Hypothesis and Conclusion

Running Heading: hypothesis and conclusion Unit 4 Short Paper: Hypothesis and Conclusion Kaplan University Ashley Gramma CJ499: Bachelors Capstone in Criminal Justice Professor Christopher Elg March 12, 2013 Science proceeds by a continuous, incremental process that involves generating hypotheses, collecting evidence, testing hypotheses, reaching evidence based conclusions.

(Michael, 2002). The scientific process typically involves making observations, asking questions, forming hypotheses and testing hypotheses by way of well-structured experiments. Science in Action’s Science Fair Projects & More, 2010-2011). The scientific method is steps used by many to find answers to questions they want to know.

The scientific method is an approach to acquiring knowledge that contains many elements of the methods, and it tries to avoid pitfalls of any individual method used by itself. (Rybarova, 2006). Methods of inquiry are ways in which a person can know things or discover answers to the questions. (Rybarova, 2006). What are the five scientific methods of research inquiry and how they are defined?Explain how it is applied to the research project and provide examples. Develop a hypothesis focused on the professional practices of criminal justice practitioners.

Then select two methods of inquiries and how you would apply them to your hypothesis to reach a conclusion. The five scientific methods of research inquiry are question, hypothesis, experiment, data analysis, and conclusion. The question process is what I want to learn, which in this process you will decide what variables you want to change and how. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Ask yourself, is it testable or non-testable? Those variables will be dependent and independent variables. A characteristic whose value may change, vary, or respond when manipulated experimentally is called a dependent variable.

(Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Conversely, something that affects the characteristic of interest is called an independent variable. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). The dependent variable is what you will study. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Hypothesis is your thought on why it is or an educated guess.

It is a possible explanation that is intended to be tested and critically evaluated. (Rybarova, 2006). Hypotheses clarify the question being addressed in an experiment, help direct the design of the experiment, and help the experimenters maintain their objectivity. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012).

You are generating a testable prediction. (Rybarova, 2006). A method is replication or sample size, constant conditions, and control. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). You are evaluating the prediction by making systematic, planned observation, which involves research and data collection.

(Rybarova, 2006). Then, the results, which is describing and understanding the results of an experiment are critical aspects of science. (Regents of the University of Minnesota, 2003-2012). Once you are at this step you can decide if the original hypothesis was true or false.

You can use this observation to support refute, or refine the original hypothesis. (Rybarova, 2006).Finally, the conclusion which is the results you got from the research compared to the question. Did your question get the answer it want, and why or why not.

Understanding and applying it to your scientific inquiry will give you a good if not the best chance to arrive at reliable, objective and credible scientific findings. (Science in Action’s Science Fair Projects & More, 2010-2011). My question is has airline safety gone to the extreme since 9/11. This question is testable. My hypothesis or prediction is that airline safety has gone to extreme since 9/11.

So how will I test this theory? I would do a telephone survey with 500 customers at use at least one of the four major airports. The questions will evolve around the customers experience with the airline security and safety issue since 9/11. In an article written by Bill McGee in the USA TODAY stated that, “while the Transportation Security Administration's effectiveness has been hotly debated, there's no denying that the "hassle factor" of flying commercially has soured many Americans on traveling by air. ” (McGee, 2012).Although the heightened airport security procedures do not directly affect airline operations, the new process has caused a noticeable subset of airline passengers who opt for different modes of transportation or skip travel entirely. (Logan, 2004).

An economic study from Cornell University in 2007 showed that federal baggage screenings brought about a 6 percent reduction in passenger volume across the board, with a 9 percent reduction in the nation's busiest airports, totaling a nearly $1 billion loss for the airline industry. (Logan, 2004). Has the airlines safety gone to extreme since 9/11?Yes, they have gone to the extreme to most of the passengers whom were use the airlines. Since they have change the airline security policy they have lost quite a few passengers. These passengers have chosen to take a different travel alterative.

My results have shown they that passengers have stop using the airlines as much, but does not state exactly why they do not use the airlines. References: Logan, G. (2004). The Effects of 9/11 on the Airline Industry. USA TODAY.

http://traveltips. usatoday. com/effects-911-airline-industry-63890. html McGee, B.

(2012).Five most significant changes in air travel since 9/11. USA TODAY. Travel. http://travel.

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Fall 2002 — Y520: 5982 http://www. indiana. edu/~educy520/sec5982/week_1/inquiry_sci_method02. pdf Regents of the University of Minnesota. (2003-2012).

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aspx Rybarova, D. (2006).Introduction Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method. http://www. google.

com/url? sa=t;rct=j;q=;esrc=s;frm=1;source=web;cd=9;cad=rja;ved=0CGIQFjAI;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. u. arizona. edu%2F~dusana%2Fpsych290Bpresession06%2Fnotes%2FCh1%2520Introduction%2C%2520Inquiry%2C%2520and%2520the%2520Scientific%2520method. ppt;ei=TeA_UaGqD8vZyQHD-4GQAg;usg=AFQjCNEbxy8umFWok015d60lu9H6Y8t0qw.

Science in Action’s Science Fair Projects ; More. (2010-2011). The Scientific Method: The Method in the Madness! http://www. science-fair-projects-and-more. com/scientific-method. html