Friedrich Nietzsche Nietzsche spoke of the "the death of God" and foresaw the dissolution of traditional religion and metaphysics. Some interpreters of Nietzsche believe he embraced a literary exploration of the human condition, while not being concerned with gaining truth and knowledge in the traditional sense of those terms. However, other interpreters of Nietzsche say that in attempting to counteract the predicted rise of nihilism, he was engaged in a positive program to reaffirm life, and so he called for a adical, naturalistic rethinking of the nature of human existence, knowledge and morality.
On either interpretation, it is agreed that he suggested a plan for "becoming what one is" through the cultivation of instincts and various cognitive faculties, a plan that requires constant struggle with one's psychological and intellectual inheritances. Nietzsche claimed the exemplary human being must craft his/her own identity through self-realization and dos so without relying on anything transcending that life such as Go or a soul. This way of living should be affirmed ever were on to adopt, most problematically, a radical vision of eternity, one suggesting the eternal recurrence of all events.According to some commentators, Nietzsche advanced a cosmological theory of "will to power.
" But others interpret him as not being overly concerned with working out a general cosmetology. Questions regarding the coherence of Nietzsche views questions such as whether particular views could all be taken together without contradiction, whether readers should discredit any particular iew if proven incoherent or incompatible with others, and the like continue to draw the attention of contemporary intellectual historians and philosophers.Nietzsche was influences by Schopenhauer and ever calls him a true moral human being, but in terms of "Will" Nietzsche start a new field. Nietzsche talks about "will to power" while Schopenhauer talks about the "will of life" or "will to survive. " Nietzsche positive attitude toward willing is almost opposite to Schopenhauer's concept of the will.
Nietzsche stresses that "will" is not mere survival and Nietzsche dvances his theory and stated that Will is not mere survival but urge or will to power. Nietzsche knows this and argues that what Schopenhauer calls "will" is mere empty word.For Nietzsche, there are neither transcendental powers to give us our laws, neither a Kantian maxim to tell us what we should do, nor laws for God. This is the reason why Nietzsche makes the existence of all moral questionable and considers himself to be an ultra-moral being who beyond all morality. In fact for Nietzsche "will to survive" is lowest biological drive of an organism, Schopenhauer nd many other think survival as the main task of an organism but an organism will only make survival as its vital task only when it is threatened but otherwise it will strive for power.
Nietzsche considered his philosophy to be correction of Schopenhauer's philosophy. (Pg. 728) In Beyond Good and Evil, (Pg. 524) one of Friedrich Nietzsche's most famous works, he condemns the popular moral philosophy of his day. He denies that traits such as pity, humility and meekness are universal virtues.
In fact, Nietzsche goes on to call a philosophy that deems such traits to be orality created by the weak in revenge against the strong and noble such that the traits of the strong and noble are deemed to be evil.Slave morality, according to Nietzsche, will predictably call traits such as aggressiveness, true independence of thought, and egoism because they are the traits of the their oppressors, the masters of society. The original moral philosophy, which is more noble according to Friedrich Nietzsche, is that of what he calls "master morality. " Master morality embraces what is deemed evil by most today, such as egoism and a will to power.
Noble men embrace master morality, says Nietzsche, and these noble men consider bad those most unlike them and those things, which are harmful to them only.Then Nietzsche goes on to speculate that slave morality evolved as a reaction to master morality; the "slaves" of society needed a way to get their revenge on these higher noble men. Nietzsche concludes that slave morality has indeed succeeded in its attempt to replace the originally dominant master morality, for now slave morality, with all its emphasis on altruism and mediocrity, dominates popular moral philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche, in the end, however, does not really endorse either slave or master morality.
He really deems that it is high time for a revaluation of all values. Just as the "slaves" created a new morality from an old one, Nietzsche thinks it is time to create a new morality from the currently rampant slave morality. In essence, he is calling for creative philosophers to pave the pave for a paradigm shift in morality. Whatever popular moral philosophy comes out on top, however, Nietzsche Just hopes that it is one "beyond good and evil"--one independent of the good and evil of today.
