1. Deviance- the recognized violation of cultural norms.2.
Crime- the violation of a society’s formally enacted criminal law.3. Social control- attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behavior.4. Criminal justice system- the organizations—police, courts, and prison officials—that respond to alleged violations of the law.
5. Labeling- the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions.6. Stigma- a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person’s self-concept and social identity.
7. White-collar crime- crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations.8. Corporate crime- consists of the illegal actions of a corporation or people action on its behalf.
9. Hate crime- a criminal act against a person or a person’s property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias. 10. Violent crime- crimes that direct violence or the threat of violence against others.
11. Property crime- crimes that involve theft of money or property belonging to others.12. Victimless crime- violations of the law in which there are no obvious victims.
13. Retribution- an act of moral vengeance by which society makes the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime. 14. Rehabilitation- is a program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses. 15.
Community-based corrections- correctional programs operating within society at large rather than behind prison walls.Part 2: Essay Questions1. What social policies would be likely to be recommended by a sociologist who favored Merton’s Strain theory in order to reduce property crime by the poor?2. What are the primary reasons U.
S. crime rate is very high in global context? What steps would you recommend to try to reduce this rate? I think that policies that would be recommended by a sociologist who favored Merton’s Strain theory in order to reduce property crime by the poor would be to have strong police presence.The presence of the law may intimidate a person trying to commit a crime. I think they should have programs to encourage young children in these neighborhoods to stay out of trouble, and the lives they could live if they were to stay clean.
The primary reasons that the crime rate is very high in global context are because of poverty, illegal drugs, and lawmakers not passing enough legislation that stiffens the punishment for criminals. In other countries there is a possibility that your hands could get cut off for stealing.I’m not saying to go that far, but to give a criminal a stiff enough sentence where they would think twice about stealing again. The steps that I think could be taken to reduce crime is to provide better jobs so people can make ends meet.
I also recommend making it harder for people to come across illegal drugs. Illegal drugs has always been a hard problem to attack, but I feel that lawmakers have the recourses to provide more attention to these crimes to find ways to prevent them.
