This chapter explains the development of tourism history, especially highlight early modern age to the present (1500 onwards). We can see the whole process was step by step but inevitability. In my opinion, the tourism development relate to the development of Civilization because the world is changing and the human is changing.
Such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, With the progress of culture, human thought and progress.It beginning with The Renaissance of Europe was well under way, heralding the emergence of the modern era and the period of early modern tourism. And during that time, Villas reappeared throughout the Italian countryside, new resorts were established. We can see from here, after renaissance, people change a litter bit their mind which is try to establish some new building such as villas and so on. Because some part of people not only need food or water but also need some comfortable.
So that, they improving transportation technologies facilitated long-distance travel within Europe and, gradually, to the European possessions beyond.Next, The Grand tour constitutes one of major links between the Middle Ages and contemporary tourism. We also can notice that is people become more and more care about their leisure time. Many young men from the aristocratic classes of the United Kingdom and the other parts of northern Europe undertook extend trips to continental Europe for educational and cultural purpose. They try to travel to another to learn something new.
And even there was no single circuit or timeframe that defined the Grand Tour, certain destinations feature prominently. In this part, we can better to know about when people not just need food and then they also need other such as to traveling some place that they never been to.Time lapse, The Thomas Cook (1808-1892) push tourism to a new era that is associated with the emergence of tourism as a modern, large-scale industry, even though it would take another 150 years for mass tourism to be realized on a global scale. He was a great man.
During his whole life, We can see his achievement: the first excursion in 1841, the first international excursion in 1863, the first round-the-world excursion in 1872.And it is very interested is The services of Cook’s company include an inclusive, pre-paid, one-fee structure that covered transportation, accommodation, guides, food and other goods and services. This is great progress. It means already entered modern tourism age.
In this part, the Thomas Cook shows people’s traveling motivation-strongly incentive.Let me move on to next part. The post-cook period(1880-1950). During this time, Largely as a result of Cook and his adaptation of Industrial Revolution technologies and principles to the travel industry, and not only just like this, This growth was initially concentrated in the domestic sector of the more industrialized countries such as the United States, Western Europe and Australia. Although the tourism develop quite fast, But also have to consider the science and technology, The International tourism growth in the post-Cook period of the early modern era was less robust than the domestic tourism sector.
It is time to enter modern mass tourism (1950 onwards), The rapid growth has been experienced by the global tourism industry during the post-World War II era of modern mass tourism. People just from enter the peace world, food was not be a serious problem, So they want to spend happy time, maybe with their family. And the science and technology develop very fast, the long-distance is not be able to stop people to travel. The rapid growth can be appreciated by examining the contemporary trend of inbound tourist arrivals and associated revenues. In this part, It also follow the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the people just from level 5 jump to level 3. They were more care about how to better to enjoy their life.
Until now, this chapter highlight another 5 factor to affect the growth of tourism which is economic factors, social factors(The major social trends that have influenced participation in tourism are the increase in discretionary time, its changing distribution and shifts in the way that society perceives this use of time.), demographic factors(The later stages of the development process are associated with distinctive demographic transformations, at least four of which increase the propensity of the population to engage in tourism—related activities: Reduced family size, Population increase, Urbanization, Increased life expectancy), technological factors(Aviation industry plays an a crucial role of transportation in the diffusion of tourism) and political factors(Tourism is fundamentally dependent on the freedom of people to travel both internationally and within their own countries). It also are affect the develop of tourism, But in my opinion, I think what kind of people’s mind decide what they want to do, it is should be follow the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, in this peace world, the most happiness thing is self-actualization.
