Is the basic model that assumes that there are only two countries, producing two goods, and using one Input specifically In labor (Gerber 20111. However, several economists developed a more detailed theory in the twentieth century stating that the nations are endowed with different levels of each input called factors. This theory is called the factor endowment theory or Heckscher-ohlin (HO) theory. There are differences between these two theories in explaining international trade patterns.
First of all, the Ricardian model is much simpler compared to the factor endowment theory. In the Ricardlan theory, each country Is faced with a constant set of trade-offs and that trade Is done from the differences In labor productivity where labor Is the only factor of production. On the contrary, the factor endowment theory assumes that there are more factors of production which are capital and labor.Furthermore, in the Rlcardlan theory, It assumes that technology Is constant and because of that, there are no learning effects of production which makes industries and firms to not ave a chance to become productive over time (Gerber 2011 Conversely, the factor endowment theory states that each output has a different technology for its production since it has multiple factors of production and therefore requires different combinations and levels of the various inputs.Besides that, the Ricardian theory assumes that only labor is mobile and can move easily between industries but not across national boundaries.
However, in the factor endowment theory, it has more factors of production (capital and labor) that cannot move between countries compared to only one In Ricardian theory. Additionally, the Rlcardlan theory assumes that the nation as a whole gained from trade without considering the potentially harmful effects of trade.In the factor endowment theory, it does not assume that the nation as a whole gained from trade because it's much more complex thus, forming a more realistic assumption that labor has two or more skill categories and other types of inputs can be included causing some groups within a nation to benefit more than others while some will be harmed (Gerber 2011). Lastly, due to the fact that the factor endowment theory states hat a country has multiple factors of production, the assumption of a production possibility curve (PPC) with a constant cost like in the Ricardian theory cannot be applied any longer.This means that the economy have an Increasing costs.
In Conclusion, these two theories differ from each other and therefore have their own advantages and disadvantages. 2 A) According to Australia's trade with East Asia (20101 the information stated that the major exports to Malaysia is crude petroleum, copper coal and aluminum. Crude petroleum has the highest exports, which is A$495 million. Copper exports A$467 million, while coal exports A$260, lastly aluminium exports A$226 million.
Australia's trade with East Asia (2010) stated that the major imports from Malaysia is crude petroleum, monitors, projectors and TVs, computers and telecom equipment and parts. Crude petroleum has the highest imports, which is million. Monitors, projectors and TVs import are A$893 million while computers import is A$839. Lastly telecom equipment and parts import is A$271 million.
The cost of imports and exports stated in Australia's trade with East Asia (2010), includes A$379 million of onfidential items such as sugar and also tax or tariff for 10% of total exports.B) Based on the Australia's trade with East Asia 2010 report, there is a noticeable trade pattern which is made between both trading countries. One of the patterns that can be noticed in the trading report between Australia and Malaysia is that Australia imports more goods and services from Malaysia, and does not export as much goods and services that Malaysia does. This is probably due to the fact that Malaysia labour rates is cheaper compared to Australia, therefor more anufacturing which requires labour is done in Malaysia and thus exported to Australia.
Besides that, one of the noticeable patterns in the trading between Australia and Malaysia is that the major exports from Australia to Malaysia in majority are natural resources which are extracted from the ground. This shows that Australia is more abundant in natural resources compared to Malaysia. Malaysia's major exports to Australia however, in majority are manufactured goods which requires a more intensive amount of labour. This may be due because of the cheaper cost of labour in Malaysia compared to Australia.Australia would have the comparative advantage in exporting natural resources and products which require less labour compared to exporting goods that is more labour intensive. 3) A conclusion which can be drawn from the relationship between both countries is that, Australia is dependent on the exports of labour manufactured goods from Malaysia, whereas Malaysia is dependant on natural resources exported from Australia.
Australia is a resource abundant nation, whereas Malaysia is a labour abundant nation. Both countries should maintain their trading relationships as both countries can comprehend each other.
