Research into businesses involving food, clothes or hairdressing

Sole trader- A sole trader is a person who is in business and is not in a partnership with anybody else. So they keep all of their profit, make all the decisions, work when they want to work and are their own boss. The disadvantages about being a sole trader are that they could lose all of their money and become bankrupt. And since they are their own boss they have to work all of the hours, even if they are sick they don't get paid and have to raise the finance on their own.Public limited company- A public limited company can sell its shares, a public limited company first has to raise the sufficient capital, through the stock market.

Selling its shares to the public. It has to produce a prospectus, which explains how the business is run, and what it intends to do in the future. Its advantages are that they can raise a large amount of capital (money) from their share issue. They can also benefit from economies of scale for example bulk buying. Cheaper borrowing and they produce goods at lower cost unit. Its disadvantages are that they can become too large resulting in poor labour relations and can conflict interests between share holders and the board of directors.

And there is a possibility of takeover or merger because shares can be bought by anyone.Private limited company- Private limited companies are easier and inexpensive to set up. They're ownership and they are small and less control is closely connected for example board of directors are usually the main shareholders. Even though they are small and less bureaucratic (procedures that damage efficiency, involving too much paperwork or red tape) than public limited companies they're decisions can be made more quickly. They're disadvantages are that they can lack of capital due to no share issue and have no benefit from economies scale e.g.

bulk buying cheaper borrowing.Voluntary organisation- Voluntary income is money freely given by the general public by a company. This could be money from-fundraising-donations-legacies-the lottery-state of donated goodsPartnerships- A partnership is like a small business and tends to be larger than a sole trader. There are always two or more people running the business, the maximum number of partners is usually 20. Partnerships are very easy to set up and the money is generally provided by the partner's.Public sector- The public sector is the part of efficient and executive life that deals with the delivery of goods and services by and for the government, whether national, regional or local.

Franchise- A franchise is when an individual pays a fee to sell a brand of goods. Firstly there has to be an agreement between a franchisor and a franchisee. The franchisor allows the use of their businesses name for an agreed length of time. The franchisor provides materials, training and advice but the franchisee must provide money to start their business.

The franchisee must also make regular payments to the franchisor.Co-operatives- Co-operatives are businesses but they are businesses owned and controlled by their members-the people buy their goods or use their services not investors. Cooperatives are organised to meet the needs of the member's owners not to accumulate capital for investors. The advantages of co-operatives are that they are very flexible and respond to small volume demand.Their disadvantages are that they have limited experience and tradition in seed business and they have limited access to improve varieties and are dependent upon public or private sector.

It is an organisation formed by people joining together to organise production, make decisions and share profits. All members have an equal say in running the business and share equally in the profits.It has limited liability, non- transferable shares (bought and sold to the society)Society control is democratic; each member is permitted one vote regardless or shareholdings.Worker co-operative: they pool their money to buy equipment and share equally in decision-making and any business profits.

A worker co-operative is a cooperative that is wholly owned and democratically controlled by its workers. There are no outside, or consumer owners, in a workers cooperative. Only the worker own shares of the business. Membership is not compulsory for employees can become member.

Retail co-operatives: are shops run for the benefit of their consumers.A consumer's cooperative is a business which is owned by its customers. Employees can also generally become members. Member vote on major decisions and elect the board of directors from amongst their own number.The world's largest consumer cooperative is the co-operative group in the united is the United Kingdom which offers a variety of retail and financial services.

Charity- A charity is like an organisation that helps people that are elderly, poor or are very sick. It is not an organisation that looks for money to put in their own pockets in the contrary they look for money to give to the poor and needy and to help them by buying them food and clothes to keep them warm. An example of a charity is Oxfam; people go round with little boxes or tubs that have signs of children on it that have no homes and they ask people to give a little bit of money to make a big difference.Their advantages are that there are many people in the world that want to help those in need and they could get support from the government to help raise money to buy food and clothes for those in need. Their disadvantages are that they are giving money away, they have to get a lot of help and support to raise money which could be a hard job and some people have no hearts and do not want to help the poor. An example of a charity is Oxfam; they help enable people to exercise their rights and manage their own lives.

Small charities and some religious organisations therefore do not have to register and are called "accepted charities". Some specific types of larger charities are also not required to register because they are regulated by agencies other than charity commission. These charities include universities and are called "exempt charities". Well known national charities such as NSPC and shelter. Are some of the vast numbers of local charities serving their local communities, general charities are defined by four key criteria which are that-- They are independent of and separate from government and business.- They do not distribute profit to share-holders.

- They provide a wider public benefit that goes beyond any membership (therefore excluding sports & social clubs for example)- They are non- sacramental religious bodies or places of worship.Name of businessThis business is called J.sainsburyType of ownershipSainsbury's is a public limited company. A public limited company can sell its shares to the public. But first they must raise the sufficient capital through the stock market.

It has to produce a company report, which explains how the business is run, and what it intends to do in the future. Its advantages are that they can raise a large amount of capital (money) from their share issue. They can also benefit from economies of scale for example bulk buying. Cheaper borrowing and they produce goods at lower cost unit. Its disadvantages are that they can become too large resulting in poor labour relations and can conflict interests between share holders and the board of directors. And there is a possibility of takeover or merger because shares can be bought by anyone.

Size of businessThis is a large business with over 400 employees and it is also a European business.Main purposeThis business purpose is to improve their goods and services in order to satisfy their customers. They try to improve their store and make customers happy by giving them what they want. They have services as well, they have a website where their customers can buy their goods and the company can deliver it to their homes.

They also do car insurance, loans and much more. This business only tries to make a profit and will only sell goods at below cost if they have to, for example if there is a lot of stock of one item and not that many customers are buying the item so they reduce the price in order to shift the stock.The four businesses that I have chosen are as following:Name of businessThis business is called Kentucky Fried ChickenType of ownershipThis business is classified as a franchise as they are many restaurants of it around the world. For example there is one of these shops in west end and also in Victoria.

A franchise is when an individual pays a fee to sell a brand of goods. Firstly there has to be an agreement between a franchisor and a franchisee. The franchisor allows the use of their businesses name for an agreed length of time. The franchisor provides materials, training and advice but the franchisee must provide money to start to start their business. The franchisee must also make regular payments to the franchisor.Size of businessThis is a business is classed as a small business as it only has 6-99 employees.

And its scale is global as it is in countries like Venezuela.PurposeIts purpose is to make their customers happy with their food, and also introduce the company with new types of food like the "New snack wrap". This is to attract more customers to come and buy their food so they can earn money.Name of businessThis business is called La vida loca. A small barbers shop in Elephant and Castle.

Type of ownershipThis business is classified as a sole trader, a sole trader is a person who is in business and is not in a partnership with anybody else. So they keep all of their profit, make all the decisions, work when they want to work and are their own boss. The disadvantages about being a sole trader are that they could lose all of their money and become bankrupt. And since they are their own boss they have to work all of the hours, even if they are sick they don't get paid and have to raise the finance on their own.

Size of businessThis is a micro business as it only has1- 4 employees. It is a local business as there is only one of these shops in the world and that is in London, Elephant and Castle.PurposeThis sole trader's purpose is to make a profit by providing a service by cutting and doing people's hair at a reasonable price. Also to make customers happy this sole trader also has a little food shop at the side of his barbers shop so that people can also buy food if they are hungry.Name of businessThis business is called John Lewis Ltd.

Type of ownershipThis business is a partnership as it has more than two people running the business and less than twenty people. A partnership is like a small business and tends to be larger than a sole trader. There are always two or more people running the business, the maximum number of partners is usually 20. Partnerships are very easy to set up and the money is generally provided by the partner's.The money is normally shared between the partners.

This type of business is very easy to set up and is always larger than a sole trader.Size of businessJohn Lewis is classified as a large business as it has more than 250 employees. This business is a national business as it is only in England. But it has many stores of it around England.Purpose of businessThis businesses purpose is to provide goods to their customers by selling furniture, clothes and appliances.

This business also improves their company by making a website for people to order online so this satisfies their customers as they also provide a delivery service.